Non-Invasive UWB Sensing of Astronauts’ Breathing Activity

Baldi, Marco; Cerri, G.; Chiaraluce, Franco; Eusebi, Lorenzo; Russo, Paola

doi:10.3390/s150100565

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The main characteristics of UWB radars behind their interesting applications are: 1) a wide bandwidth (>500 MHz), which provides a high spatial resolution; 2) low power (e.g., -41.3 dBm/MHz for a bandwidth between 3.1-10.6 GHz by the FCC rule); and 3) the ability to penetrate objects (e.g., wall, wood, soil, and human body). The use of UWB radars for non-contact vital sign detection, including respiration and heart rate, has received significant attention [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. UWB radars measure vital signs by measuring a small motion of the thorax, which is caused by breathing and heartbeats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal Component Analysis for Heart Rate Measurement using UWB Radar

Khanh¹,

Duong²

2020

IJFIS

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This paper proposes a signal processing approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) for monitoring heart rate using an ultra-wideband impulse (UWB) radar. Vital signals including respiration and heart rate is measured by a UWB radar, and then compressed and projected on the main principal component. This projection helps to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to other conventional methods such as direct fast Fourier transform and complex signal decomposition. Thus, an accurate measurement of heart rate can be obtained. The proposed approach can help improve about 10 dB of heartbeat signal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal Component Analysis for Heart Rate Measurement using UWB Radar

Khanh¹,

Duong²

2020

IJFIS

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“…There are many medical and engineering fields and problems, which could be solved with the help of biometric radars [10]. Here, sleep medicine (somnology) and bedside monitoring [11], [12], functional diagnostics, space medicine [13], in-home monitoring of older adults [7], remote testing of psychological conditions of the persons [14], contactless registration of heartbeat and breathing parameters for burnt patients, newborns, etc., may be considered examples of such areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Signal Processing Principles for Monitoring of Persons Using Uwb Sensors – An Overview

Kocur¹,

Švecová²,

Zetík³

2019

AEI

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The paper offers an overview of signal processing approaches that are suitable for monitoring of persons by means of ultrawideband sensors. The "Monitoring of persons" is related to their detection, localization, and tracking and in the case of static persons, also to the monitoring of their vital signs such as the breathing frequency and the heart rate. This paper discusses basic principles in the monitoring of persons who can be moving, static, or changing the character of their movement. In the case of static persons, the paper describes signal processing methods suitable for contactless estimation of their breathing frequency and the heart rate. Monitoring of persons using UWB sensors is attractive in many application scenarios such as emergency, rescue, medical, etc. Therefore, we believe that this comprehensive survey brings a lot of interesting information to researchers and specialists working in the field of contactless monitoring of persons.

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“…The technology of human being detection via radars has caused great concern in recent years, since it can be applied in many areas like biomedicine, military operation, public security, emergency rescue, and so on [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. There have been two major kinds of radar systems used for the technology: one is narrowband radars represented by the continuous wave (CW) Doppler system and the other is ultra-wideband (UWB) radars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Breath Detection via Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave Ultra-Wideband (SFCW UWB) Radars Based on Operational Bandwidth Segmentation

Jiao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Human being detection via ultra-wideband (UWB) radars has shown great prospects in many areas, such as biomedicine, military operation, public security, emergency rescue, and so on. When a person stays stationary, the main feature that separates him/her from surroundings is the movement of chest wall due to breath. There have been many algorithms developed for breath detection while using UWB radars. However, those algorithms were almost based on a basic scheme that focused on processing in the time dimension of UWB data. They did not utilize the benefits from the wide operational bandwidth of UWB radars to show potential superiority over those narrowband systems such as a continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar. In this paper, a breath detection method was proposed based on operational bandwidth segmentation. A basic theoretical model was firstly introduced, indicating that characteristics of breath signals contained in UWB echoes were consistent among the operational frequencies, while those of clutters were not. So, the method divided a set of UWB echo data into a number of subsets, each of which corresponded to a sub-band within the operational bandwidth of the UWB radar. Thus information about the operational frequency is provided for subsequent processing. With the aid of the information, a breath enhancement algorithm was developed mainly by averaging the segmented UWB data along the operational frequency. The algorithm’s performance was verified by data measured by a stepped-frequency CW (SFCW) UWB radar. The experimental results showed that the algorithm performed better than that without the segmentation. They also showed its feasibility for fast detection of breath based on a short duration of data. Moreover, the method’s potential for target identification and impulse-radio (IR) UWB radar was investigated. In summary, the method provides a new processing scheme for UWB radars when they are used for breath detection. With this scheme, the UWB radars have a benefit of greater flexibility in data processing over those narrowband radars, and thus will perform more effectively and efficiently in practical applications.

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Non-Invasive UWB Sensing of Astronauts’ Breathing Activity

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Principal Component Analysis for Heart Rate Measurement using UWB Radar

Principal Component Analysis for Heart Rate Measurement using UWB Radar

Basic Signal Processing Principles for Monitoring of Persons Using Uwb Sensors – An Overview

A Novel Method for Breath Detection via Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave Ultra-Wideband (SFCW UWB) Radars Based on Operational Bandwidth Segmentation

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