Non‐invasive monitoring of oxidative skin stress by ultraweak photon emission (UPE)‐measurement. I: mechanisms of UPE of biological materials

Khabiri, Faryar; Hagens, Ralf; Smuda, Christoph; Soltau, Andreas; Schreiner, Volker; Wenck, Horst; Wittern, Klaus‐Peter; Duchstein, Hans‐Jürgen; Mei, Wei-Ping

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2007.00205.x

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Despite some advances in recent years [14,21] , the exact biochemical origin of chemiluminescence from human skin has yet to be determined, but has been linked to oxidation of proteins, lipids and DNA, especially from the dermis. ROS generally act on a short timescale due to their chemical reactivity and an immediate measurement is required in order to best investigate their effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cutaneous chemiluminescence has been linked to oxidation of proteins, DNA and lipids [14,15] . Using ICL-S (induced chemiluminescence of human skin), UVA filter testing can be performed for sunscreen formulations in vivo independently from UVB filter content [16,17] , which is not possible with any other technique currently available (apart from the PPD method).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Efficacy on Human Skin in vivo Investigated by UVA-Induced Chemiluminescence Decay Analysis via Induced Chemiluminescence of Human Skin

Jain

Rieger²,

Rohr³

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Aims: Exogenous factors (e.g. physical: UV irradiation; or chemical: hydrogen peroxide) and endogenous metabolic processes (e.g. cellular respiration, oxidative burst, etc.) generate oxidative stress in living tissues which are in balance with enzymatic antioxidative systems and ingested antioxidants under normal conditions. These complex biological reactions are accompanied by chemiluminescence (ultraweak photon emission). However, knowledge about the chemiluminescence decay characteristics of human skin and the modulatory influence of topically applied antioxidants is still scarce. Methods: Using ICL-S (induced chemiluminescence of human skin), a highly sensitive in vivo method, the decay characteristics of UVA-induced photon emission caused by different UVA doses were investigated in detail. In addition, modulatory properties of topical antioxidant pretreatment were examined for 2 weeks. Results: UVA-induced chemiluminescence signals were generally characterized by two distinct decay phases: an initial burst (0–5 s), contributing approximately 80% of the complete signal with an inverse dose-response relationship (UVA dose vs. chemiluminescence intensity), followed by a second decay phase (delayed chemiluminescence, 5–200 s) showing a direct correlation. Antioxidant pretreatment caused a reduction in signal intensity of approximately 50%, which was calculated by signal integration and confirmed using the modulation of the intersection point of decay curves resulting from irradiation with different UVA doses at constant intensity with and without treatment. Conclusion: In addition to the established UVA filter testing (independent from UVB filter content) on human skin in vivo, ICL-S is also a valuable tool for the efficacy testing of topically applied antioxidants under in vivo conditions in humans. The first rapid, but short, decay phase not only provides approximately 80% of the complete chemiluminescence signal, but is also essential for the investigation of antioxidant-mediated effects. Chemiluminescence signal modulations induced by UVA intensity reduction (e.g. UV filters in daily care products) can be clearly distinguished from antioxidant-mediated signal modulations. The probe head dimensions permit comprehensive in vivo testing in humans on practically every skin area (e.g. arms, legs, back, abdomen and face).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Efficacy on Human Skin in vivo Investigated by UVA-Induced Chemiluminescence Decay Analysis via Induced Chemiluminescence of Human Skin

Jain

Rieger²,

Rohr³

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…A remarkable dependence of the one-dimensional photon emission on the concentration of molecular oxygen revealed the possible involvement of ROS in photon emission from the human body [32]. The proposal on the involvement of ROS in one-dimensional photon emission from human skin has been supported by the effect of topical application of exogenous oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) [27] and antioxidant (vitamin C and a-glycosylrutin) [33] on the photon emission from the hand. Based on these observations, it has been proposed that one-dimensional ultra-weak photon emission is accompanied by the formation of ROS during the oxidative metabolic processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Two‐dimensional imaging of spontaneous ultra‐weak photon emission from the human skin: role of reactive oxygen species

Prasad

Pospı́šil

2011

Journal of Biophotonics

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In the human skin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced continuously during oxidative metabolic processes (cellular respiration, oxidative burst) are essential for various cellular processes such as defense against infection, cellular signaling and apoptosis. On the other hand, when the formation of ROS exceeds a capacity of the non-enzymatic and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, ROS cause the damage to the human skin known to initiate premature skin aging and skin cancer. In this study, two-dimensional spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission from the human skin has been measured using a highly sensitive charged coupled device (CCD) camera. It is demonstrated here that two-dimensional ultra-weak photon emission from the human skin increases with the topical application of exogenous ROS in the following order: hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) < superoxide anion radical (O₂•⁻) < hydroxyl radical (HO•). We propose here that the two-dimensional ultra-weak photon emission can be used as a non-invasive tool for the spatial and temporal monitoring of oxidative stress in the human skin.

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“…7,25 It was observed that UV-radiation-induced ultraweak photon emission in the human skin showed a maximum of photon emission in the spectral range 400 to 580 nm, supporting the assumption that 3 ðC ¼ OÞ Ã is a main source of ultraweak photon emission. 7,28 In contrast, it has previously been demonstrated that UVAinduced ultraweak photon emission is in the red region of the spectrum. [30][31][32][33] In our present study, we investigated the effect of visible light and UVA radiation on ultraweak photon emission by employing a highly sensitive charge coupled device (CCD) camera and a low-noise photomultiplier tube (PMT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,25,27 The spectral analysis of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission from human skin has indicated that photons are spontaneously emitted mainly in the red region of the spectrum, revealing that 1 O 2 predominantly contributes to the photon emission. 28 In contrast, it has previously been demonstrated that spontaneous ultraweak photon emission is in the bluegreen region of the spectrum. [30][31][32][33] Employing immunoblotting techniques, it has recently been demonstrated that exposure of human skin to UV radiation results in the formation of C ¼ O in the human stratum corneum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraweak photon emission induced by visible light and ultraviolet A radiation via photoactivated skin chromophores: <italic>in vivo</italic> charge coupled device imaging

Prasad

Pospı́šil

2012

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. Solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface can have severe negative consequences for organisms. Both visible light and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation are known to initiate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human skin by photosensitization reactions (types I and II). In the present study, we investigated the role of visible light and UVA radiation in the generation of ROS on the dorsal and the palmar side of a hand. The ROS are known to oxidize biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to form electronically excited species, finally leading to ultraweak photon emission. We have employed a highly sensitive charge coupled device camera and a low-noise photomultiplier tube for detection of two-dimensional and one-dimensional ultraweak photon emission, respectively. Our experimental results show that oxidative stress is generated by the exposure of human skin to visible light and UVA radiation. The oxidative stress generated by UVA radiation is claimed to be significantly higher than that by visible light. Two-dimensional photon imaging can serve as a potential tool for monitoring the oxidative stress in the human skin induced by various stress factors irrespective of its physical or chemical nature.

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Non‐invasive monitoring of oxidative skin stress by ultraweak photon emission (UPE)‐measurement. I: mechanisms of UPE of biological materials

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Antioxidant Efficacy on Human Skin in vivo Investigated by UVA-Induced Chemiluminescence Decay Analysis via Induced Chemiluminescence of Human Skin

Antioxidant Efficacy on Human Skin in vivo Investigated by UVA-Induced Chemiluminescence Decay Analysis via Induced Chemiluminescence of Human Skin

Two‐dimensional imaging of spontaneous ultra‐weak photon emission from the human skin: role of reactive oxygen species

Ultraweak photon emission induced by visible light and ultraviolet A radiation via photoactivated skin chromophores: <italic>in vivo</italic> charge coupled device imaging

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