Non Invasive Microwave Sensor for the Detection of Lactic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Goh, J. H.; Mason, Alex; Al-Shamma’a, Ahmed; Field, M.; Shackcloth, Michael; Browning, Paul

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/307/1/012017

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Microwave based sensing is a relatively new and rapidly developing technology [1,2]. It offers a great potential as a developing technology due to its accuracy, low cost of measurements both in static and continuous measurements as well as its capability to analyse samples in small sizes [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an efficient technique and largely used for the characterisation of materials because it can easily propagate through low-loss substances such as plastics, glass, ceramic, etc. [1,2,5,6]. It is a relatively straight forward technique and the instrumentation for measurements can be setup in minutes with the availability of measurement results in seconds providing real-time data [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility study on using microwave sensing technique to analyse silver-based products

Ateeq

Shaw

Garrett³

et al. 2016

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

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This paper reports on the feasibility of using a novel and robust microwave sensing technology to detect and analyse various Silver based products such as Silver Nitrate and Silver Oxide. The focus of the investigation is to differentiate between the two products, identify the contamination and change in the sample size. A microwave sensor designed previously in house has been utilised to carry out this initial study to analyse the capability of microwave sensing technique to carry out the analysis. The change in the microwave spectra are used as an indicator of the difference in the silver products and any contamination they may have. The results and their detailed repeatability confirm the viability of using microwave sensing technique as a potential method to analyse various silver products. The curves obtained from the material response to microwaves are distinguishable and can be related to the materials' properties. The study suggests a design and development of a bespoke unit as a dedicated analysis tool and to address any anomalies arising from the current feasibility.This will have a huge industrial benefit in terms of cost reduction and time associated with the industrial analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility study on using microwave sensing technique to analyse silver-based products

Ateeq

Shaw

Garrett³

et al. 2016

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

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“…It is an efficient technique because it can easily propagate through low-loss substances such as plastics, glass, ceramic, etc. [12][13][14][15]. The instrumentation for measurements can be setup in minutes and the measurements taken in seconds providing real-time data [16,17].…”

Section: Microwave Sensing Theory and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An innovative microwave cavity sensor for non-destructive characterisation of polymers

Ateeq

Shaw

Wang³

et al. 2016

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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An innovative microwave cavity sensor for non-destructive characterisation of polymers http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/4655/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. AbstractThis paper investigates the feasibility of using an innovative microwave sensing technology to characterise and study various properties of polymer material such as difference between various polymer types, particle size and particle size distribution, contamination and pigmentation. A microwave sensor designed previously has been utilised to carry out this initial study to analyse the capability of microwave techniques to carry out the analysis. The curves obtained from material response to microwaves are distinguishable showing the shift to the lower frequency end with the insertion of polymer material. S11 measurements have shown distinctive peaks for each size and type of the sample tested. The results are quantifiable in terms of various polymer properties under consideration. In terms of S21 measurements, microwave sensor clearly distinguishes between coarse and fine polymer samples in terms of particle size. The effect of air voids in the sample and the particle size distribution has also been studied. The results are promising and justifies a thorough design and development of a dedicated microwave sensor unit for the characterisation of polymers. The sensor will have a significant industrial benefit in terms of costs associated with the industrial analysis, increase in the efficiency of manufacturing and production operation as well as material quality, control and validation.

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“…However, there are some examples of methodologies that do not utilise enzymes. The dependence on the use of biological recognition elements can be detrimental to the cost and life-span of developed platforms, which adds to the interest in the development of these alternative technologies, with different detection methods used, such as microwave sensors [ 107 , 108 ] and capacitance sensors [ 109 ]. Electrochemical detection methodologies remain the most popular in this area, with amperometeric detection mainly applied in conjunction with porous systems [ 110 ], as seen previously with glucose sensors [ 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Current Non-invasive Technology For Lactate Measurements mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Possibility of Translating Technological Advances in Non-Invasive Continuous Lactate Monitoring into Critical Care

Crapnell

Tridente

Banks

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Lactate is widely measured in critically ill patients as a robust indicator of patient deterioration and response to treatment. Plasma concentrations represent a balance between lactate production and clearance. Analysis has typically been performed with the aim of detecting tissue hypoxia. However, there is a diverse range of processes unrelated to increased anaerobic metabolism that result in the accumulation of lactate, complicating clinical interpretation. Further, lactate levels can change rapidly over short spaces of time, and even subtle changes can reflect a profound change in the patient’s condition. Hence, there is a significant need for frequent lactate monitoring in critical care. Lactate monitoring is commonplace in sports performance monitoring, given the elevation of lactate during anaerobic exercise. The desire to continuously monitor lactate in athletes has led to the development of various technological approaches for non-invasive, continuous lactate measurements. This review aims firstly to reflect on the potential benefits of non-invasive continuous monitoring technology within the critical care setting. Secondly, we review the current devices used to measure lactate non-invasively outside of this setting and consider the challenges that must be overcome to allow for the translation of this technology into intensive care medicine. This review will be of interest to those developing continuous monitoring sensors, opening up a new field of research.

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Non Invasive Microwave Sensor for the Detection of Lactic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Feasibility study on using microwave sensing technique to analyse silver-based products

Feasibility study on using microwave sensing technique to analyse silver-based products

An innovative microwave cavity sensor for non-destructive characterisation of polymers

Evaluating the Possibility of Translating Technological Advances in Non-Invasive Continuous Lactate Monitoring into Critical Care

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