Non-invasive measurement of floating–sinking motion of a large object in a gas–solid fluidized bed

Investigation of single particle devolatilization in fluidized bed reactors by X-ray imaging techniques

“…In the past two decades, different non-invasive techniques have been developed to gain a deeper understanding of the interaction between fluidized bed and a relatively large freely moving particle. The most common methods are particle image velocimetry (PIV) [33,34], pressure signal analysis [22,35], radioactive particle tracking (RPT) [36][37][38][39], magnetic particle tracking (MPT) [15,32,40,41] and Lagrangian sensor system [42]. Most of these studies were carried out at ambient conditions using sensors or tracers to mimic the behaviour of a moving feedstock particle within the fluidized bed or investigating the hydrodynamic behaviour of the bed itself.…”

Axial Segregation Behaviour of a Reacting Biomass Particle in Fluidized Bed Reactors: Experimental Results and Model Validation

“…All these aspects are essential to the design of industrial fluidized-bed units and relevant to all thermochemical conversion processes, since the evolution of volatiles is common to pyrolysis, gasification and combustion operations. Several researchers have carried out fundamental investigations to better understand the behaviour of a relatively large particle in bubbling fluidized beds by means of different non-invasive techniques, including PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), X-ray, RPT (Radioactive Particle Tracking), Lagrangian sensor systems and MPT (Magnetic Particle Tracking) [14,15,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Most of these investigations have been carried out under cold conditions using tracers to resemble the behaviour of one or more moving objects, or the hydrodynamic of the bed itself.…”