Non-invasive measurement of effective thermal conductivity of human skin with a guard-heated thermistor probe

Okabe, T.; Fujimura, Taku; Okajima, Junnosuke; Aiba, Setsuya; Maruyama, Shigenao

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.06.039

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Skin surface temperature reflects the physiological state of the human body . As we previously reported, quantitative methods of identification of skin cancers based on accurate measurement of thermal conductivity using a guard‐heated thermistor probe are among the promising diagnostic tools for differentiating non‐invasive and invasive melanomas before surgical treatment . These reports clearly suggested that the ETC is negative for in situ melanoma, but with tumor progression, ETC becomes larger in invasive melanoma, suggesting that the proposed thermal conductivity measurement is a novel tool that detects the micro‐invasion of melanoma .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…A guard‐heated thermistor probe, developed in our previous studies, was used to accurately and rapidly measure the ETC of the skin. The probe consisted of two glass‐coated thermistors (PSB‐S9 type, Shibaura Electronics Co., Ltd.) that were previously calibrated using a standard thermometer system (1560 black stack thermometer and 5640 thermistor standard probe, FLUKE and were inserted into a pen‐shaped probe holder for practical use and solidity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental procedure used was described in our previous study . Briefly, the measurement of the ETC of the skin was performed in a room where the temperature and the relative humidity were maintained at 21 ± 1°C and at 50% ± 3%, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel quantitative method for identification of skin cancers based on accurate measurement of thermal conductivity is proposed. This method uses a guard‐heated thermistor probe, which can measure the absolute value of skin surface temperature and the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of the skin accurately and rapidly . The main advantages of this method are its high sensitivity, short time measurement, ease of use, and portability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the stromal factors that contribute to modulate thermal conductivity of skin cancer are still unknown. In this report, the diagnostic methods for invasive and non‐invasive skin cancers, SCC and EMPD, were tested by measuring the absolute value of skin surface temperature and the ETC of the skin . In addition, immunohistochemical staining for stromal factors that could stimulate tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and angiogenetic factors that are expected to be produced by TAMs in SCC and EMPD was performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A novel technique to diagnose non‐melanoma skin cancer by thermal conductivity measurements: Correlations with cancer stromal factors

Fujimura

Okabe

Tanita

et al. 2019

Experimental Dermatology

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The skin surface temperature reflects the physiological state of the human body. Quantitative methods of identification of skin cancers based on accurate measurement of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) are among the promising diagnostic tools for differentiating non‐invasive and invasive melanomas before surgical treatment. To validate these findings, in this report, the diagnostic methods for invasive and non‐invasive extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were further tested by measuring the absolute value of skin surface temperature and the ETC of the skin. In addition, to investigate the stromal factors that might affect ETC, immunohistochemical staining for LL37, periostin (POSTN), MMP12, and MMP28 was performed. The invasive SCC and EMPD group showed a relatively higher skin surface temperature compared to the in situ SCC group. The non‐invasive EMPD and SCC group showed significantly lower values of ETC at lesions, whereas the invasive EMPD group showed significantly higher ETC values at lesions compared to healthy skin. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the percentage of LL37‐producing cells was significantly increased in invasive EMPD and SCC compared to that in non‐invasive EMPD and SCC. Moreover, Spearman's rank correlation test showed a significant inverse correlation between the percentage of MMP12‐positive cells and increased levels of ETC‐expressing areas in EMPD and SCC (r = −.5997). The present study suggested that differences in ETC could be a novel high‐accuracy diagnostic technique for non‐melanoma skin cancer, especially for detecting dermal invasion of SCC and EMPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A novel technique to diagnose non‐melanoma skin cancer by thermal conductivity measurements: Correlations with cancer stromal factors

Fujimura

Okabe

Tanita

et al. 2019

Experimental Dermatology

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Non‐Invasive Skin Thermo‐Diagnosis Based on a Harmonic Wave‐Driven Wearable Sensor

Qiu,

Wang,

Ouyang

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Skin thermo‐diagnosis, i.e., monitoring the skin thermal conductivity, can well indicate the body health status. Non‐invasive measurement is the direction of future development for skin thermo‐diagnosis. Here, a rigid and robust wearable sensor driven by the harmonic wave is developed, which can be comfortably wrist‐worn for a long time. Its big advantage is that it can extract both the thermal conductivities of epidermis and dermis (underneath the skin surface by 1 mm or 1–3 mm), which is not implemented by other techniques, and thus can more accurately indicate the possible diseases of the body. A 30‐subject population test shows that the epidermal thermal conductivity exhibits positive dependence on the body surface temperature and the water content, and thus slightly decreased in older subjects whose skin loses its elasticity, water content and nutrients with aging. In a menstrual cycle of women, the dermal thermal conductivity on the date of ovulation is noticeably lower, owing to the significant increase in transdermal water loss and a significant decrease in skin barrier resistance due to the reduction in the cutaneous estrogens. The progress made so far would be an important step toward non‐invasive and convenient monitoring of the human daily health.

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Heat flow, heat capacity and thermal resistance of localized surfaces of the human body using a new calorimetric sensor

Rivera

Socorro

Callicó

et al. 2021

J Therm Anal Calorim

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A non-invasive sensor equipped with a programmable thermostat has been developed to assess in vivo the heat flow transmitted by conduction from human skin to the sensor thermostat. This device enables the assessment of the thermal properties of a 2 × 2 cm2 skin surface with a thermal penetration depth of 3–4 mm. In this work, we report the thermal magnitudes recorded with this sensor in 6 different areas (temple, hand, abdomen, thigh, wrist and heel) of 6 healthy subjects of different genders and ages, which were measured under resting conditions. Heat flow and equivalent thermal resistance are proportionally related to each other and are highly variable in magnitude and different for each zone. The heat capacity is also different for each zone. The heat flow values varied from 362 ± 17 mW at the temple to 36 ± 12 mW at the heel for the same subject, when the sensor thermostat was set at 26 °C. The equivalent thermal resistance ranged from 23 ± 2 K W−1 in the volar area of the wrist to 52 ± 4 KW−1 in the inner thigh area. The heat capacity varies from 4.8 ± 0.4 J K−1 in the heel to 6.4 ± 0.2 J K−1 in the abdomen. These magnitudes were also assessed over a 2 × 1 cm2 second-degree burn scar in the volar area of the wrist. The scar area had 27.6 and 11.6% lower heat capacity and equivalent thermal resistance, respectively, allowing an increased heat flow in the injured area. This work is a preliminary study of the measurement capacity of this new instrument.

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Non-invasive measurement of effective thermal conductivity of human skin with a guard-heated thermistor probe

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

A novel technique to diagnose non‐melanoma skin cancer by thermal conductivity measurements: Correlations with cancer stromal factors

A novel technique to diagnose non‐melanoma skin cancer by thermal conductivity measurements: Correlations with cancer stromal factors

Non‐Invasive Skin Thermo‐Diagnosis Based on a Harmonic Wave‐Driven Wearable Sensor

Heat flow, heat capacity and thermal resistance of localized surfaces of the human body using a new calorimetric sensor

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