Non‐invasive exhaled breath diagnostic and monitoring technologies

Abstract

With the rapid development of laser technology, information technology, and materials, the detection of trace gas has been taken to a new level. Advanced analytical methods were invented, for example, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, chemical sensors, absorption spectrum, and so forth. With the detailed data gathered from new high-tech equipment, we can predict and diagnose diseases such as diabetic ketoacidosis, irritable bowel syndrome, lung cancer and so on. However, there is still a large amount of exhaled gas that has not been discovered, which means that breath analysis of exhaled gas is a very promising field in the future. Non-invasive breath diagnosis and monitoring technology have attracted huge attention from all over the world. Using exhaled gas to diagnose and monitor human disease has numerous advantages for being non-invasive, convenient and environment friendly.

LixAg1–xGaSe2: Interplay Between Lithium and Silver in Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Chalcogenides

“…The need for these laser systems is growing every year. For instance, laser spectrometry makes it possible to monitor the environment, [3][4][5][6] diagnose various diseases by analyzing the composition of human exhaled air during noninvasive medical diagnostics, [7][8][9] visualize organic tissues, and carry out remote IR communication. [10] Recently, a lot of work has been devoted to identifying the trends that determine the effectiveness of mid-IR NLO chalcogenide crystals by directional composition changes.…”

Volatomics in healthcare: technical basis and clinical application

“…Масс-спектрометры типа ГХМС широко распространены в лабораториях, в том числе и для проведения рутинных клинических исследований. Опыт применения метода газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрической детекцией насчитывает несколько десятилетий, предварительное хроматографическое разделение позволяет повысить специфичность анализа, в том числе для соединений с одинаковым массовозарядным соотношением, а спектральные библиотеки для настоящего метода содержат несколько сотен тысяч индивидуальных соединений [8][9][10]. Также стоит отметить, что ГХМС не является эффективным методом для исследования пробы в режиме реального времени, однако некоторые технические подходы, такие как криофокусировка, позволяют сконцентрировать пробу и тем самым упростить предварительную пробоподготовку и сократить общее время, затрачиваемое на проведение исследования [11,12].…”

Original Na5(Lu1–x–yGdxYy)9F32: Pr3+/Ho3+ Hybrid Single Crystals for Efficient ∼2.9 μm Mid-Infrared Emission

“…A ∼3 μm mid-infrared (MIR) laser has been extensively applied in the areas of remote sensing, gas monitoring, surgery, and so forth. Owing to the vibrational absorption band of water situated in this range of spectrum and partially overlapped with the window of atmospheric transmission. − Moreover, the ∼3 μm laser is also a favorable excitation source for optical parametric generation or far-infrared optical parametric oscillation . In recent decades, many solid-state material-doped rare-earth ions have been developed to fulfill the output of ∼3 μm MIR laser such as glasses, single crystals, and transparent ceramics …”