Non-invasive biomedical research and diagnostics enabled by innovative compact lasers

Abstract

For over half a century, laser technology has undergone a technological revolution. These technologies, particularly semiconductor lasers, are employed in a myriad of fields. Optical medical diagnostics, one of the emerging areas of laser application, are on the forefront of application around the world. Optical methods of non-or minimally invasive bio-tissue investigation offer significant advantages over alternative methods, including rapid real-time measurement, non-invasiveness and high resolution (guaranteeing the safety of a patient). These advantages demonstrate the growing success of such techniques. In this review, we will outline the recent status of laser technology applied in the biomedical field, focusing on the various available approaches, particularly utilising compact semiconductor lasers. We will further consider the advancement and integration of several complimentary biophotonic techniques into single multimodal devices, the potential impact of such devices and their future applications. Based on our own studies, we will also cover the simultaneous collection of physiological data with the aid a multifunctional diagnostics system, concentrating on the optimisation of the new technology towards a clinical application. Such data is invaluable for developing algorithms capable of delivering consistent, reliable and meaningful diagnostic information, which can ultimately be employed for the early diagnosis of disease conditions in individuals from around the world.

Influence of Melanin Content on Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Tissue Reflectance Oximetry Signal Formation

“…Experimental studies were carried out using a multifunctional laser non-invasive certified diagnostic system "LAKK-M" (SPE "LAZMA" Ltd., Moscow, Russia), the appearance of which is presented in Fig. 1b [15][16][17]. The system is designed for research and diagnostics in various fields of biomedicine by simultaneously using the methods of pulse oximetry, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), tissue reflectance oximetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy.…”

Wearable Devices for Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of Microcirculatory-Tissue Systems: Application Experience in the Clinic and Space

“…MTS is the functional element of an organ and is a structural and functional complex composed of specialized parenchyma cells, cells of the connective tissue suspended in a noncellular matrix, blood and lymphatic microvessels, and fiber nerve endings, which are combined into a single system by regulatory mechanisms [4]. Violations in the MTS play a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases complications (for example, rheumatological and endocrinological [5][6][7], dermatological [8], and otolaryngological [9] ones). Even during minimally invasive surgical operations, it is necessary to assess the state of MTS, for example, in case of organ ischemia, etc.…”

Preoperative AI-Driven Fluorescence Diagnosis of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

“…The laser-based technique takes much less time to acquire high-quality spectral signals [ 13 ]. Fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) is an excellent tool for non-invasively obtaining valuable biochemical information related to the metabolic properties and structural components of the extracellular matrix in tissue [ 13 , 14 ]. This technique is rapidly expanding due to its safety, relative cost-effectiveness, and efficiency [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”