Non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness in appropriate-for-gestational age newborn infants

Aoyama, Togo; Mori, Akira; Kondo, Akane; Uchida, Noa; Ishiguro, Yoko; Mitsuzuka, Koji; Mikami, Mikio

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.10.009

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Apparently consistent with this hypothesis, several studies have reported reduced vessel size 4 , 14 , 15 , 16 and increased arterial stiffness 16 , 17 , 18 in preterm offspring. However, others have failed to replicate these findings.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Comprehensive multi-modality assessment of regional and global arterial structure and function in adults born preterm

et al. 2015

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Preterm birth is associated with higher blood pressure, which could be because preterm birth alters early aortic elastin and collagen development to cause increased arterial stiffness. We measured central and conduit artery size and multiple indices of arterial stiffness to define the extent and severity of macrovascular changes in individuals born preterm. A total of 102 young adults born preterm and 102 controls who were born after an uncomplicated pregnancy underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance on a Siemens 1.5 T scanner to measure the aortic cross-sectional area in multiple locations. Ultrasound imaging with a Philips CX50 and linear array probe was used to measure carotid and brachial artery diameters. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index were measured by SphygmoCor, brachial-femoral pulse wave velocity by Vicorder and aortic pulse wave velocity by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used as a measurement of global stiffness, and ultrasound was used to assess peripheral vessel distensibility. Adults born preterm had 20% smaller thoracic and abdominal aortic lumens (2.19±0.44 vs. 2.69±0.60 cm2, P<0.001; 1.25±0.36 vs. 1.94±0.45 cm2, P<0.001, respectively) but similar carotid and brachial diameters to adults born at term. Pulse wave velocity was increased (5.82±0.80 vs. 5.47±0.59 m s−1, P<0.01, 9.06±1.25 vs. 8.33±1.28 m s−1, P=0.01, 5.23±1.19 vs. 4.75±0.91 m s−1, P<0.01) and carotid distensibility was decreased (4.75±1.31 vs. 5.60±1.48 mm Hg−1103, P<0.001) in this group compared with the group born at term. However, the global and peripheral arterial stiffness measured by CAVI and brachial ultrasound did not differ (5.95±0.72 vs. 5.98±0.60, P=0.80 and 1.07±0.48 vs. 1.19±0.54 mm Hg−1103, P=0.12, respectively). Adults who are born preterm have significant differences in their aortic structure from adults born at term, but they have relatively small differences in central arterial stiffness that may be partially explained by blood pressure variations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Comprehensive multi-modality assessment of regional and global arterial structure and function in adults born preterm

et al. 2015

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“…In the latter study, this association was attenuated when intravenous lipid therapy was added to the statistical model. Contrastingly, aortic stiffness index was found to increase with increasing gestational age from 30 to 41 weeks in 62 AGA infants, at 4 h of life [21]; while no difference was found between 176 6.5-year-olds born less than 27 weeks gestational age to those born at term [17].…”

Section: Wave Reflections (Augmentation Index)mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Aortic stiffness index was calculated in four studies [15,17,20,21] and aortic distensibility in two studies [20,22], with conflicting results. Increased aortic stiffness (or reduced distensibility) was found in 12 preterm infants (<31 weeks gestational age) [22], in 20 preterm-born infants with a diagnosis of BPD [15], and in 5-year-old children born less than 32 weeks (n ¼ 76) compared with term controls [20].…”

Section: Wave Reflections (Augmentation Index)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of perinatal factors on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in preadolescent children

Mansfield

Cecula

Pedraz

et al. 2023

Journal of Hypertension

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Background:This review aims to summarize associations of the perinatal environment with arterial biophysical properties in childhood, to elucidate possible perinatal origins of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:A systematic search of PubMed database was performed (December 2020). Studies exploring associations of perinatal factors with arterial biophysical properties in children 12 years old or less were included. Properties studied included: pulse wave velocity; arterial stiffness or distensibility; augmentation index; intima–media thickness of aorta (aIMT) or carotids; endothelial function (laser flow Doppler, flow-mediated dilatation). Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction.Results:Fifty-two of 1084 identified records were included. Eleven studies explored associations with prematurity, 14 explored maternal factors during pregnancy, and 27 explored effects of low birth weight, small-for-gestational age and foetal growth restriction (LBW/SGA/FGR). aIMT was consistently higher in offspring affected by LBW/SGA/FGR in all six studies examining this variable. The cause of inconclusive or conflicting associations found with other arterial biophysical properties and perinatal factors may be multifactorial: in particular, measurements and analyses of related properties differed in technique, equipment, anatomical location, and covariates used.Conclusion:aIMT was consistently higher in LBW/SGA/FGR offspring, which may relate to increased long-term CVD risk. Larger and longer term cohort studies may help to elucidate clinical significance, particularly in relation to established CVD risk factors. Experimental studies may help to understand whether lifestyle or medical interventions can reverse perinatal changes aIMT. The field could be advanced by validation and standardization of techniques assessing arterial structure and function in children.

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“…In adulthood, male sex, older age, increased weight and a lower height are shown to be the most important determinants of increased arterial stiffness. 1 , 2 In childhood, low birth weight (small for gestational age), 3 higher gestational age 3 and breastfeeding in the first year of life are associated with a higher arterial stiffness. 4 – 8 Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that chronic inflammation increases arterial stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and characteristics of arterial stiffness measurement in preschool children

Vanderschuren

Uiterwaal

Ent

et al. 2017

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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BackgroundArterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk in adult life. Increased arterial stiffness can also be present in children and may be associated with several other cardiovascular risk factors. Until now, however, we know little about measuring arterial stiffness in preschool children. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of measuring arterial stiffness in preschool children and explored possible determinants related to arterial stiffness at this age.MethodsWe studied 168 healthy children, aged 3.3–4.1 years, who were recruited from a prospective birth cohort. We measured arterial stiffness, expressed in aortic pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, using a non-invasive oscillometric device (Arteriograph). We measured anthropometry and recorded other determinants using a questionnaire.ResultsIn 100 children (59.5%) at least one valid arterial stiffness measurement was obtained. Of these infants, 89 had at least two valid measurements and 73 infants had at least three valid measurements. The mean aortic pulse wave velocity was 5.56 m/s (SD 0.77), and the mean augmentation index of the aorta was 19.7 m/s (SD 7.0). The augmentation index was significantly inversely associated with body height, with a regression coefficient of –0.78 (m/s)/cm (95% confidence interval –1.13 to –0.42). The augmentation index was not significantly associated with age, sex or (birth) weight.ConclusionThe feasibility of measuring arterial stiffness in preschool children using the Arteriograph is moderate. We identified height as the most important determinant of the augmentation index in preschool children.

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Non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness in appropriate-for-gestational age newborn infants

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Comprehensive multi-modality assessment of regional and global arterial structure and function in adults born preterm

Comprehensive multi-modality assessment of regional and global arterial structure and function in adults born preterm

Impact of perinatal factors on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in preadolescent children

Feasibility and characteristics of arterial stiffness measurement in preschool children

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