Non-invasive and wearable early fever detection system for young children

Garcia-Souto, M.D.P.; Dabnichki, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.08.025

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The smart patch was applied to the left side of the upper chest similar to the previous study [ 24 ]. Although this smart patch was able to attach to other body parts, such as axilla, thigh or back, the upper chest has shown to cause less discomfort in sweaty conditions, during sleep and during activities and is reported to show similar levels of forehead temperature [ 33 ]. The smart patch was attached laterally to the sternum at the height of the first or intercostal space of the participant’s chest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Patch for Skin Temperature: Preliminary Study to Evaluate Psychometrics and Feasibility

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

Sensors

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There is a need for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of biological data to assess health and wellbeing. Currently, many types of smart patches have been developed to continuously monitor body temperature, but few trials have been completed to evaluate psychometrics and feasibility for human subjects in real-life scenarios. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and usability of a smart patch measuring body temperature in healthy adults. The smart patch consisted of a fully integrated wearable wireless sensor with a multichannel temperature sensor, signal processing integrated circuit, wireless communication feature and a flexible battery. Thirty-five healthy adults were recruited for this test, carried out by wearing the patches on their upper chests for 24 h and checking their body temperature six times a day using infrared forehead thermometers as a gold standard for testing validity. Descriptive statistics, one-sampled and independent t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plot were examined for body temperatures between two measures. In addition, multiple linear regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and qualitative content analysis were conducted. Among the 35 participants, 29 of them wore the patch for over 19 h (dropout rate: 17.14%). Mean body temperature measured by infrared forehead thermometers and smart patch ranged between 32.53 and 38.2 °C per person and were moderately correlated (r = 0.23–0.43) overall. Based on a Bland-Altman plot, approximately 94% of the measurements were located within one standard deviation (upper limit = 4.52, lower limit = −5.82). Most outliers were identified on the first measurement and were located below the lower limit. It is appropriate to use 37.5 °C in infrared forehead temperature as a cutoff to define febrile conditions. Users’ position while checking and ambient temperature and humidity are not affected to the smart patch body temperature. Overall, the participants showed high usability and satisfaction on the survey. Few participants reported discomfort due to limited daily activity, itchy skin or detaching concerns. In conclusion, epidermal electronic sensor technologies provide a promising method for continuously monitoring individuals’ body temperatures, even in real-life situations. Our study findings show the potential for smart patches to monitoring non-febrile condition in the community.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Patch for Skin Temperature: Preliminary Study to Evaluate Psychometrics and Feasibility

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…In a study conducted by Garcia-Souto and Dabnichki [50], thermochromic pigment applied to fabric demonstrated potential as a non-intrusive wearable system for early fever detection in young children, monitoring diverse skin temperatures. In addition to the monitoring function, chromic textiles prove to be interesting tools for learning and stimulation, especially for children, transforming how they interact with clothing [28,51].…”

Section: Colour-changing Textilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Functional Clothing: Design Challenges and Opportunities

Santiago,

Cabral,

Cunha

2024

Applied Sciences

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Functional textiles and clothing designed for children should provide a safe and supportive environment, encompassing comfort, safety, health, wellbeing, and cognitive development, as well as fostering interaction and exploration. This study explores the multifaceted nature of functional textiles and clothing for children. It emphasises the importance of comprehensive knowledge about the user and an interdisciplinary approach in the design process. The integration of expertise from diverse fields contributes to a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities inherent in creating clothing that satisfies aesthetic demands and promotes the wellbeing of children. Through a study of existing research in functional textiles and a market analysis of children’s clothing, this research underscores the importance of practical application of studied materials and technologies in children’s fashion, creating innovative and purposeful solutions. This collaborative effort involves working with multidisciplinary teams and applying designers’ updated knowledge of functional materials throughout all stages of the design process. The study emphasises the designer’s responsibility in articulating the essential knowledge needed to integrate functionality from the beginning of the design process, ensuring that practical considerations are integral to the core attributes of the clothing. The study also proposes a framework that represents the design process for functional children’s clothing.

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“…If a thermochromic system is to be used as an indicator of reaching a certain temperature, it is preferable that the temperature range over which the color transition is achieved is as narrow as possible [26,27]. In addition, it is necessary to study the change in color response of the system during use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Temperature of Color Change in Thermochromic Systems and Its Description Using Sigmoidal Models

Viková,

Vik

2023

Materials

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Background: Symmetric sigmoidal models with four parameters based on an idealized S/Z-shaped curve are commonly used to analyze the optical parameters of thermochromic materials. However, our experimental findings show that this approach leads to systematic errors involving the incorrect estimation of the transition temperature or the possibility of a virtual indication of the hysteresis nature of a reversible thermochromic change. For this reason, we sought to find a five-parameter model that would appropriately avoid this problem. Methods: Two commercial thermochromic pigments were used for the test and applied to a textile substrate at different concentrations. The optical properties were measured using reflectance spectrophotometry and then converted to Kubelka–Munk function values and colorimetric coordinates. The following statistics were used to assess the quality of the selected sigmoidal models: coefficient of determination, R2; adjusted coefficient of determination, AR2; root mean square error, RMSE; and Akaike Information Criterion, AIC. Results: The four-parameter models were compared with each other and with the five-parameter models using nested F-tests based on residual variance to obtain a statistical measure of superior performance. For all thermochromic color change data examined, the five-parameter models resulted in significantly better fitting. It could be shown that the five-parameter model showed significantly higher accuracy and precision in determining the transition temperature, like non-sigmoidal quantification methods. Conclusions: We concluded that the asymmetric five-parameter model is a valuable extension of the symmetric model in the investigation of thermochromic color changes, providing better parameter estimates and a new approach to investigating the mechanisms contributing to the asymmetry of the thermochromic curve.

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Non-invasive and wearable early fever detection system for young children

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Smart Patch for Skin Temperature: Preliminary Study to Evaluate Psychometrics and Feasibility

Smart Patch for Skin Temperature: Preliminary Study to Evaluate Psychometrics and Feasibility

Children’s Functional Clothing: Design Challenges and Opportunities

Transition Temperature of Color Change in Thermochromic Systems and Its Description Using Sigmoidal Models

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