Non-Invasive and Surgical Modalities for Scar Management: A Clinical Algorithm

Dastagir, Khaled; Obed, Doha; Bucher, Florian; Hofmann, Thurid; Koyro, Katharina I.; Vogt, Peter M.

doi:10.3390/jpm11121259

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While some scars reach complete regeneration, many others undergo pathological tissue repairs, which occur with hypertrophic and keloid scars [ 1 ]. Treatment often involves surgical resection, laser therapy, radiation therapy, physical therapy (i.e., pressure therapy), and medication (i.e., triamcinolone injections) [ 2 – 5 ]. Currently, a number of animal studies have reported the molecular basis of scar-free healing [ 6 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblasts in Scar Formation: Biology and Clinical Translation

Qian

Shan

Gong

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Scarring, which develops due to fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, can cause physical, psychological, and cosmetic problems. Fibroblasts are the main type of connective tissue cells and play important roles in wound healing. However, the underlying mechanisms of fibroblast in reaching scarless wound healing require more exploration. Herein, we systematically reviewed how fibroblasts behave in response to skin injuries, as well as their functions in regeneration and scar formation. Several biocompatible materials, including hydrogels and nanoparticles, were also suggested. Moreover, factors that concern transformation from fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts are mentioned due to a tight association between scar formation and primary skin cancers. These findings will help us better understand skin fibrotic pathogenesis, as well as provide potential targets for scarless wound healing therapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblasts in Scar Formation: Biology and Clinical Translation

Qian

Shan

Gong

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…PF raw material (170 ± 32 µg) was used to compare Biofiber PF with a no-controlled release system. At scheduled times (2,4,6,8,24,48, and 72 h), 700 µL of PBS was withdrawn from each well and assessed using an HPLC method taken from the literature [19] and adapted for pirfenidone quantification. Briefly, chromatography was carried out using a 1260 Infinity HPLC instrument (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a Column Guard (C8, 4 × 30 mm) and a reverse phase LUNA column (C8(2), 5 µm, 100 Å, 250 × 4.6 mm) from Phenomenex Ltd. (Phenomenex Ltd., Aschaffenburg, Germany).…”

Section: In Vitro Release Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therapeutic treatments for HTSs can be categorized based on their method of action [4]. Cryotherapy and ablative laser therapy destroy damaged cells, while surgical treatments like surgical excision and laser surgery remove the fibrotic tissue in an invasive way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Pirfenidone: An Innovative Approach for Scar Modulation in Complex Wounds

Tottoli,

Benedetti,

Riva

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are pathological structures resulting from chronic inflammation during the wound healing process, particularly in complex injuries like burns. The aim of this work is to propose Biofiber PF (biodegradable fiber loaded with Pirfenidone 1.5 w/w), an electrospun advanced dressing, as a solution for HTSs treatment in complex wounds. Biofiber has a 3-day antifibrotic action to modulate the fibrotic process and enhance physiological healing. Its electrospun structure consists of regular well-interconnected Poly-L-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA-PCL) fibers (size 2.83 ± 0.46 µm) loaded with Pirfenidone (PF, 1.5% w/w), an antifibrotic agent. The textured matrix promotes the exudate balance through mild hydrophobic wettability behavior (109.3 ± 2.3°), and an appropriate equilibrium between the absorbency % (610.2 ± 171.54%) and the moisture vapor transmission rate (0.027 ± 0.036 g/min). Through its finer mechanical properties, Biofiber PF is conformable to the wound area, promoting movement and tissue oxygenation. These features also enhance the excellent elongation (>500%) and tenacity, both in dry and wet conditions. The ancillary antifibrotic action of PF on hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSF) for 3 days downregulates the cell proliferation over time and modulates the gene expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) at 48–72 h. After 6 days of treatment, a decrement of α-SMA protein levels was detected, proving the potential of biofiber as a valid therapeutic treatment for HTSs in an established wound healing process.

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“…The surgical and non-surgical approaches are the current treatment options for the treatment and management of scars. 5 In detail, surgery is always used to address inadequacies and abnormalities and is particularly useful in patients with functional impairment caused by scar contracture. Nevertheless, the high recurrence rate (more than 40%) has compelled the implementation of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Photoelectric Therapy for the Early Intervention and Treatment of Traumatic Scars

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

2023

CCID

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Traumatic scar is a disease that affected approximately tens of millions of patients worldwide. According to the histological and morphological properties of scars, the traumatic scar typically includes superficial scar, atrophic scar, hypertrophic scar, and keloid. Its formation is a natural consequence of wound healing, regardless of whether the wound was caused by trauma or surgery. However, the production of scars has considerable impacts on the physical and mental health of patients, even causing substantial aesthetic and functional impairments. Prevention or early treatment of scars is the most suitable therapeutic method, including surgical and non-surgical procedures; nevertheless, the benefits of non-operative therapies for scars are quite limited, and surgical treatments are always hard to achieve satisfying outcomes. Through the application of innovative technologies such as lasers, intense pulsed light, and radiofrequency, significant progress has been made in the treatment of traumatic scars. This review highlights the current advancements of photoelectric therapy for the prevention and treatment of various traumatic scars, which may throw light on innovative therapeutic options for scar therapies.

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Non-Invasive and Surgical Modalities for Scar Management: A Clinical Algorithm

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Fibroblasts in Scar Formation: Biology and Clinical Translation

Fibroblasts in Scar Formation: Biology and Clinical Translation

Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Pirfenidone: An Innovative Approach for Scar Modulation in Complex Wounds

Advances in Photoelectric Therapy for the Early Intervention and Treatment of Traumatic Scars

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