Non-invasive analysis of gallbladder bile composition in cynomolgus monkeys using in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Detection and quantification of d-glucuronic acid in human bile using 1H NMR spectroscopy: relevance to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

“…The β-glucuronidase synthesized in the pancreatic tissue may be released into the bile along with pancreatic secretions and could bring about deconjugation of bilirubin diglucuronide present in bile, liberating free GlcU. In vivo 1 H MRS of gallbladder bile is feasible and has been successfully demonstrated in humans [23] and cynomolgus monkeys [24]. Hence, the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can be potentially performed non-invasively, without resorting to invasive procedures such as ERCP.…”

Simultaneous quantification of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids, total bile acids, and choline-containing phospholipids in human bile using 1H NMR spectroscopy

“…Although Kunneke et al [19] used this signal for comparing total bile acid pool with the sum of glycine-and taurine-conjugated bile acids in monkey bile, they did not undertake a detailed study to assess the accuracy of this signal for the quantification of GCBAs. In this study, we have carried out experiments to assess the accuracy and precision of quantitative measurement of GCBAs using this signal.…”

“…Although the signals used for the quantification of various lipid components in this study have been characterized earlier [14,19,22], there are no reports describing simultaneous quantification of these lipid molecules using neat human bile samples. In addition to the taurineconjugated bile acids, we have also assessed the quantification of glycine-conjugated bile acids using glycine-CH 2 signal (3.73 ppm) by deconvolution method.…”

“…With the advent of higher field strength magnets, we extended the above method to the quantification of individual conjugated bile acids in gallbladder bile [15]. Furthermore, we have also developed a robust method for the with a better spectral quality using a relatively higher magnetic field strength (4.7 T) [19]. They suggested the use of glycine methylene (CH 2 ) signal for the quantification of glycine-conjugated bile acids (GCBAs) in monkey bile.…”

Quantitative profiling of bile acids in biofluids and tissues based on accurate mass high resolution LC-FT-MS: Compound class targeting in a metabolomics workflow

“…Thus far, a variety of methods have been described for the analysis of bile acids in various biological matrices, ranging from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [6], gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [7,8] and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods with ultraviolet (UV) [9,10] or MS [11][12][13] detection. GC-MS sample preparation procedure involves fractionation of the bile acids according to the conjugation, followed by concentration and derivatisation steps, and is therefore very time consuming.…”