Non-intrusive gas-phase temperature measurements inside a porous burner using dual-pump CARS

Kiefer, Johannes; Weikl, Markus C.; Seeger, Thomas; Issendorff, F. V.; Beyrau, Frank; Leipertz, Alfred

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.026

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…One reason for this lies in the restrictions to the accessibility of PIM for measuring appliances [11]. At atmospheric pressure, there is a well-documented experimental and numerical (1D) data-base including pollutant emissions and temperature distributions along PIM.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study, 1D volume-averaged calculations and 3D direct pore level simulations of the flame stabilization in porous inert media at elevated pressure

Bedoya

Dinkov

Habisreuther

et al. 2015

Combustion and Flame

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study, 1D volume-averaged calculations and 3D direct pore level simulations of the flame stabilization in porous inert media at elevated pressure

Bedoya

Dinkov

Habisreuther

et al. 2015

Combustion and Flame

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“…Braeuer et al [306] performed temperature and oxygen concentration measurements employing dual-pump CARS in an automotive auxiliary heating combustor operated with dodecane and diesel fuels. Kiefer et al [19] Powerful pulsed near-and mid-infrared lasers facilitate four-wave mixing of so-called "dark species". These are species that do not absorb by electronic transitions in the ultraviolet and visible spectral region or that do not fluoresce and so are not amenable to the usual absorption or fluorescence detection methods.…”

Section: Multi-species and Multiplex Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the experimental environment itself can also be challenging. In particular, technical combustion systems and devices such as gas turbine combustors and internal combustion engines provide limited optical access to the flame region [18,19] and, as a consequence, optical arrangements with low numerical aperture must be employed.A wide variety of diagnostic techniques have been developed to detect flame intermediates. In this article we review the development and use of nonlinear optical spectroscopic techniques for this purpose.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Kiefer

Ewart

2011

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

129

112

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Laser-based methods have transformed combustion diagnostics in the past few decades. The high intensity, coherence, high spectral resolution and frequency tunability available from laser radiation has provided powerful tools for studying microscopic processes and macroscopic phenomena in combustion by linear and nonlinear optical processes. This review focuses on nonlinear optical techniques based on resonant four-wave mixing for non-intrusive measurements of minor species in combustion. The importance of minor species such as reaction intermediates is outlined together with the challenges they present for detection and measurement in the hostile environments of flames, technical combustors, and engines. The limitations of conventional optical methods for such measurements are described and the particular advantages of coherent methods using nonlinear optical techniques are discussed.The basic physics underlying four-wave wave mixing processes and theoretical models for signal calculation are then presented together with a discussion of how combustion parameters may be derived from analysis of signals generated in various four-wave mixing processes. The most important four-wave mixing processes, in this context, are then reviewed:Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM), Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Laser Induced Grating Spectroscopy (LIGS) and Polarization Spectroscopy (PS). In each case the fundamental physics is outlined to explain the particular properties and diagnostic advantages of each technique. The application of the methods mentioned to molecular physics studies of combustion species is then reviewed along with their application in measurement of concentration, temperature and other combustion parameters. Related nonlinear techniques and recent extensions to the ultra-fast regime are briefly reviewed. Finally practical considerations relevant to multi-dimensional and multi-species measurements, as well as applications in technical combustion systems are discussed.Keywords: nonlinear optical spectroscopy, four-wave mixing, combustion diagnostics, minor species detection, laser-induced gratings, polarization spectroscopy IntroductionEnergy from renewable sources such as solar and wind power is the goal of much current research and technological development. Combustion, however, is and is likely to remain for the foreseeable future, the most important energy source for heat, electrical power and especially for transportation. In technical combustion systems the chemical energy of fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil and natural gas is converted into heat through oxidation with oxygen from air. However, fossil fuel resources are limited and alternatives like biofuels [1] or novel technologies such as fuel cells [2] are not yet able to meet the demand. Consequently, for a sustainable use of fossil fuels it is desirable to further improve the efficiency, maintainability and reliability of existing combustion devices. Achieving such improvements depends upon an improved understanding of t...

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“…For the evaluation, the complete spectra were first normalized against the nonresonant CARS spectra of argon to compensate the spectral profile of the broadband dye laser. These normalized spectra were then compared with a library of theoretically calculated spectra obtained from an in-house developed CARS code, using a least-squares contour-fitting method including the new KS-3D H 2 lineshape model by using a polynomial fit according to Eqn (7). For comparison, the complete spectra were also compared with a library of theoretically calculated spectra based on the linear interpolation used by Weikl et al [19] Cell measurements…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6,7] The theory and application of CARS are well explained in the text book by Eckbreth. [8] Very briefly, laser beams at frequency ω 1 and ω 2 are mixed via any one of a variety of geometrical phase-matching schemes to generate the coherent CARS signal at frequency ω CARS = 2ω 1 − ω 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of temperature and concentration in H₂N₂ dual‐pump CARS spectra using the Keilson and Storer three‐dimensional model for H₂ Q‐branch

Gao

Weikl

Seeger

et al. 2009

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is a widely accepted standard for thermometry in combustion environments.Accurate lineshape models are of crucial importance for the computation of CARS spectra used for temperature and concentration evaluations. Therefore, a new lineshape model for the H 2 molecule is developed and tested for ambient pressure applications. Measurements were taken in a heated cell and in a partially premixed flame with dual-pump CARS techniques, respectively. Line broadening coefficients for H 2 -N 2 mixture are calculated using the new speed memory effects model. The experimental vibrational-CARS (VCARS) spectra were evaluated with this new lineshape model and the temperature and relative H 2 concentration results were compared with an already existing model.

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Non-intrusive gas-phase temperature measurements inside a porous burner using dual-pump CARS

Cited by 47 publications

References 49 publications

Experimental study, 1D volume-averaged calculations and 3D direct pore level simulations of the flame stabilization in porous inert media at elevated pressure

Experimental study, 1D volume-averaged calculations and 3D direct pore level simulations of the flame stabilization in porous inert media at elevated pressure

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Evaluation of temperature and concentration in H₂N₂ dual‐pump CARS spectra using the Keilson and Storer three‐dimensional model for H₂ Q‐branch

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Non-intrusive gas-phase temperature measurements inside a porous burner using dual-pump CARS

Cited by 47 publications

References 49 publications

Experimental study, 1D volume-averaged calculations and 3D direct pore level simulations of the flame stabilization in porous inert media at elevated pressure

Experimental study, 1D volume-averaged calculations and 3D direct pore level simulations of the flame stabilization in porous inert media at elevated pressure

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Evaluation of temperature and concentration in H2N2 dual‐pump CARS spectra using the Keilson and Storer three‐dimensional model for H2 Q‐branch

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Evaluation of temperature and concentration in H₂N₂ dual‐pump CARS spectra using the Keilson and Storer three‐dimensional model for H₂ Q‐branch