Non-Infectious Early Complications of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantations

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is the only curative option in many benign and malign hematological disorders. Recent developments in posttransplant supportive care, graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis and treatment as well as reduced intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) have improved posttransplant survival. However, infections, GVHD related organ injury, increased incidence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatched unrelated or haploidentical transplantations effect posttransplant mortality in a negative manner. Allo-HSCT related complications can be classified into early (within 3 months of transplantation) and long term complications (after 3 months of transplantation). Some early complications which will be briefly discussed in this review are graft failure, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, engraftment syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and thrombotic microangiopathy.