Non-Human Primate Models of Enteric Viral Infections

Sestak, Karol

doi:10.3390/v10100544

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Due to the genetic proximity of non-human primates (NHP), including vervet monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus macaques, pig-tailed macaques, chimpanzees, and baboons, to humans, they expectedly share many anatomical, immunological, and physiological similarities. NHPs have served as important experimental models for enteric viral research, as they recapitulate the pathogenesis of infections in humans to a greater degree than other animal models [ 26 , 174 , 175 , 176 ]. Baboons and vervet monkeys infected with HRV exhibit viral shedding and elevated level of virus neutralizing antibodies [ 175 ], and cynomolgus monkeys similarly exhibit self-limiting diarrhea and shedding of infectious virus [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: In Vivo Tools To Study Human Enteric Rna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Methods to Study the Pathogenesis of Human Enteric RNA Viruses

Aggarwal

Hassan

Baldridge

2021

Viruses

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Every year, millions of children are infected with viruses that target the gastrointestinal tract, causing acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal illness. Indeed, approximately 700 million episodes of diarrhea occur in children under five annually, with RNA viruses norovirus, rotavirus, and astrovirus serving as major causative pathogens. Numerous methodological advancements in recent years, including the establishment of novel cultivation systems using enteroids as well as the development of murine and other animal models of infection, have helped provide insight into many features of viral pathogenesis. However, many aspects of enteric viral infections remain elusive, demanding further study. Here, we describe the different in vitro and in vivo tools available to explore different pathophysiological attributes of human enteric RNA viruses, highlighting their advantages and limitations depending upon the question being explored. In addition, we discuss key areas and opportunities that would benefit from further methodological progress.

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Section: In Vivo Tools To Study Human Enteric Rna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Methods to Study the Pathogenesis of Human Enteric RNA Viruses

Aggarwal

Hassan

Baldridge

2021

Viruses

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“…Non-human primates (NHPs), including Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) have been used extensively to study enteric viral infections [142]. NHPs share many anatomical, immunological, and physiological similarities with humans and thus are excellent models to recapitulate the pathogenesis of enteric virus infections and/or co-infection in humans [143].…”

Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective

Makimaa

Ingle

Baldridge

2020

Viruses

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Enteric viral co-infections, infections involving more than one virus, have been reported for a diverse group of etiological agents, including rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and enteroviruses. These pathogens are causative agents for acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all ages globally. Despite virus–virus co-infection events in the intestine being increasingly detected, little is known about their impact on disease outcomes or human health. Here, we review what is currently known about the clinical prevalence of virus–virus co-infections and how co-infections may influence vaccine responses. While experimental investigations into enteric virus co-infections have been limited, we highlight in vivo and in vitro models with exciting potential to investigate viral co-infections. Many features of virus–virus co-infection mechanisms in the intestine remain unclear, and further research will be critical.

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“…On the other hand, endangered species can be at risk of lethal viral infections transmitted by humans [ 3 ]. In fact, among Old World monkeys, the macaques are the most studied primates owing to their susceptibility to several human viral infections [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to epidemiological surveys conducted in three national primate research centers and three zoos in the United States [ 5 ], captive NHP colonies are seasonally affected by viral infections causing diarrhea [ 6 , 7 ]. The most studied groups of enteric viruses in NHPs are the monkey rotaviruses and rhesus enteric caliciviruses (ReCV), found in the green vervet monkey ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ), the Rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) and the pig-tailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of viruses from feces of wild endangered Macaca maura: a potential threat to moor macaque survival and for zoonotic infection

et al. 2022

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Background To date, there is a scarcity of information and literature on Macaca maura health status relative to viral diseases. The objectives of the present study were to investigate on the potential spread of enteric and non-enteric viruses shed in the environment through a wild macaque feces and to understand the possible interrelation in the spread of zoonotic viruses in a poorly studied geographical area, the Sulawesi Island. This study will also contribute providing useful information on potential threats to the health of this endangered species. Methods The sampling was conducted between 2014 and 2016 in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, in the south of the Sulawesi Island and non-invasive sampling methods were used to collect fresh stools of the M. maura, one of the seven macaque species endemic to the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The population under study consisted in two wild, neighboring social macaque groups with partially overlapping home ranges; twenty-four samples were collected and examined using negative staining electron microscopy and a panel of PCR protocols for the detection of ten RNA and two DNA viruses. Results Viral particles resembling parvovirus (5 samples), picornavirus (13 samples) and calicivirus (13 samples) were detected by electron microscopy whereas the PCR panel was negative for the 12 viruses investigated, except for one sample positive for a mosquito flavivirus. The results did not correlate with animal sex; furthermore, because all of the animals were clinically healthy, it was not possible to correlate feces consistency with viral presence. Conclusions As information on viral infections in wild moor macaques remains limited, further studies are yet required to identify the fecal–oral and blood transmitted potentially zoonotic viruses, which may infect the moor macaque and other macaque species endemic to the South Sulawesi Island.

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Non-Human Primate Models of Enteric Viral Infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Experimental Methods to Study the Pathogenesis of Human Enteric RNA Viruses

Experimental Methods to Study the Pathogenesis of Human Enteric RNA Viruses

Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective

Detection of viruses from feces of wild endangered Macaca maura: a potential threat to moor macaque survival and for zoonotic infection

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