Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Huang, Jian; Parish, Roy C.; Mansi, Ishak A.; Yu, Herbert; Kennen, Estela M.; Davis, Terry C.; Carden, Donna L.

doi:10.2310/jim.0b013e318182080a

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…High levels of renal vascular oxidative stress have been identified in animal models of obesity such as the leptin-deficient mouse, the db/db and the leptin receptor-deficient rat model, the obese Zucker rat, as well as in obese humans (2,4,16). One reason for the increased production of superoxide in obesity could be as a result of elevated levels of cholesterol, which has also been associated with obesity and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (20) (http://www.americanheart.org/ presenter.jhtml?identifierϭ4639). High cholesterol levels have been shown to contribute to elevated superoxide generation; therefore, high cholesterol levels could contribute to the renal dysfunction frequently observed in obesity (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin and tempol protect against endothelial dysfunction and renal injury in a model of obesity and hypertension

Knight

Yuan

Roy

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Knight SF, Yuan J, Roy S, Imig JD. Simvastatin and tempol protect against endothelial dysfunction and renal injury in a model of obesity and hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298: F86 -F94, 2010. First published November 11, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00351.2009.-Obesity and hypertension are risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease. The mechanisms by which elevated blood pressure and fatty acids lead to the development of renal injury are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the contributions of cholesterol and oxidative stress to renal endothelial dysfunction and glomerular injury in a model of obesity and hypertension. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet with tempol, or a high-fat diet with simvastatin for up to 10 wk. Blood pressure was not altered by a high-fat diet or treatments. After 3 wk, renal afferent dilatory responses to acetylcholine were impaired in WKY rats and SHR fed a high-fat diet. Tempol treatment prevented this vascular dysfunction in both strains; however, simvastatin treatment demonstrated greater beneficial effects in the SHR. Albuminuria was observed in the SHR and was exacerbated by a high-fat diet. Tempol and simvastatin treatment significantly ameliorated albuminuria in the SHR fed a high-fat diet. Ten weeks on a high-fat resulted in an increase in urinary 8-isoprostane in WKY rats and SHR, and tempol and simvastatin treatment prevented this increase, indicating a reduction in renal oxidative stress. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion was significantly elevated by a high-fat diet in both strains, and tempol prevented this increase. Interestingly, simvastatin treatment had no effect on MCP-1 levels. These data indicate that tempol and simvastatin treatment via a reduction in oxidative stress improve renal endothelial function and decrease glomerular injury in a model of obesity and hypertension. kidney; oxidative stress; metabolic syndrome; inflammation OBESITY HAS REACHED EPIDEMIC proportions in the developed world, with 50% of the US population now classified as overweight or obese, and the numbers are rising (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, available at http:// www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm). Obesity is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, which together are described as the metabolic syndrome (18, 29). Independently, obesity and hypertension increase the risk of renal dysfunction; obese patients are four times more likely to develop renal disease than nonobese patients, and hypertension accounts for 25% of renal dysfunction cases (27). Obese patients are at a higher risk of developing hypertension, therefore combining risk factors and compounding the negative effect on cardiovascular health. In particular, renal injury associated with obesity and hypertension has been shown to be more severe than renal disease observed as a result of each risk factor alone. This addi...

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confidence: 99%

Simvastatin and tempol protect against endothelial dysfunction and renal injury in a model of obesity and hypertension

Knight

Yuan

Roy

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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“…The non-HDL-C level has been supported as a surrogate predictive marker for atherosclerosis (Sniderman and Kwiterovich 2013), ischemic stroke (Wu et al 2013), and MetS (Huang et al 2008;Stroup et al 2011). The non-HDL-C level is superior to the LDL-C level as a risk assessment tool because of its predictive accuracy and ease of measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Table 3 presents the logistic regression analysis of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in all patients. The non-HDL-C was (Huang et al 2008). Patients with a BMI≥24 and an abnormal non-HDL-C were significantly more likely to develop MetS (p<0.001).…”

Section: Anthropometric and Metabolic Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Is abnormal non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol a gender-specific predictor for metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia taking second-generation antipsychotics?

Lin¹,

Shao

Yang

et al. 2014

Metab Brain Dis

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Evidence supports an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and schizophrenia. However, specific risk factors for MetS and gender differences in patients with schizophrenia taking second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have not been well explored. A cross-sectional cohort of 329 Han Chinese patients was recruited in a psychiatric hospital in central Taiwan. Using the definitions of the International Diabetes Federation for Chinese, the prevalence of MetS was 23.7% (men: 25.7%; women: 21.2%). Logistic regression analyses showed that patients with a BMI ≥ 24 and an abnormal non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to develop MetS. A BMI ≥ 24 was a significant risk factor in men (OR: 6.092, p < 0.001) and women (OR: 5.886, p < 0.001). An abnormal non-HDL-C was a significant specific risk factor for men with MetS (OR: 4.127, p < 0.001), but not for women. This study supports a greater prevalence of MetS in patients with schizophrenia taking SGAs than in the general population. Abnormal BMI and non-HDL-C were significantly associated with developing MetS, and an abnormal non-HDL-C was a specific risk factor for men. Future development of specific interventions and regular monitoring for MetS is imperative for early identification and prevention.

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“…Dyslipidemia in MetS is characterized by high triglyceride concentrations, decreased levels of HDL-C and increased number of small dense LDL particles [30]. In a study on hospital patients, Huang et al observed that non-HDL-C levels were elevated in individuals with MetS, whereas LDL-C did not show significant elevation [15]. This led to the view that some increase of risk for cardiovascular diseases is likely accounted for by the lipoprotein fractions other than LDL in persons with MetS [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies focused on the relationship of non-HDL-C and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in apparently healthy adolescents and adults [15][16][17]. A study on US adults by Kilgore et al, showed that subjects with high non-HDL-C and normal LDL-C were about 11 times more likely to have MetS than the subjects with normal levels for both metrics [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-HDL cholesterol is better than Friedewald-estimated LDL cholesterol to associate with cardiometabolic markers

Seki¹,

Inoue²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 2017

Biomed Res Clin Prac

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Background and aim: Recent research has shown that non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), a lipid measure that includes cholesterol of all potentially atherogenic lipoproteins, is a useful marker of the risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, associations of non-HDL-C with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in healthy general population appear to be of importance in primary prevention and management of diseases. We here aim to analyze the correlation of non-HDL-C and Friedewald-estimated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) with several routine metrics including body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ), triglyceride, and uric acid for a healthy adult population in Japan.

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Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract: Compared with those without MS, non-HDL level was significantly higher and undertargeted in patients with MS, in parallel with significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities.

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Simvastatin and tempol protect against endothelial dysfunction and renal injury in a model of obesity and hypertension

Simvastatin and tempol protect against endothelial dysfunction and renal injury in a model of obesity and hypertension

Is abnormal non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol a gender-specific predictor for metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia taking second-generation antipsychotics?

Non-HDL cholesterol is better than Friedewald-estimated LDL cholesterol to associate with cardiometabolic markers

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