“…The smiths used their social networks, norms and values, and collective actions through their everyday interactions and contributed to economic and social well-being. These interactions were considered as 'bottomup' phenomena, which were derived from their social connections and networks, such as trust, mutual understanding, and norms of action (Islam 2014a;Islam and Morgan 2012a). We found that, though there were some group conflicts among the local leaders, but their social connections and networks helped to build up a common sense of 'civic' responsibility that integrated them more than a collection of individuals.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…The overall findings of this paper can be compared with some other findings, where we can see that NGOs' social capital development initiatives towards social welfare were successful, for examples, NGOs' social networking towards social welfare (Kwok 2003), cross-cutting ties and social welfare (Newton 2001), information sharing and partnership for human welfare among the poor (Buckland 1998), economic and social goods and services for the rural poor (Mondal 2000), NGOs as agents for community empowerment (Islam and Morgan 2012b), and participatory development and community empowerment (Abom 2004;Islam and Morgan 2012a;Islam 2015;Islam et al 2013). We observed that in some cases, NGOs' social capital initiatives towards social welfare such as social inequalities were problematic.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It performs a variety of service and humanitarian functions, brings citizen concerns to governments, advocates and monitors policies, and encourages people to participate in the development activities. NGOs in developing countries such as Bangladesh concentrate to provide services to the disadvantaged people, who are suffering from poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, and natural disasters (Islam and Morgan 2012a). The term social capital has been used so widely that it is very difficult to define it briefly.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…NGOs' communication and knowledge-sharing practices strengthened linking capacity with outside agents and improved critical awareness among the local producers about their needs. Islam and Morgan (2012a) and Islam (2015) found that NGOs' participatory planning creates routes for social capital; channel of communications helps to improve sharing values, norms, mutual benefits, and collective; and income-generation programmes improved social trust.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Kwok (2003) mentioned that social welfare is one of the systems of transfer payments to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich. In many developing countries such as Bangladesh, NGOs' development practice has been widened largely to respond to the needs of the disadvantaged people because of the lack of government support (Islam and Morgan 2012a;Devine 2006;Islam 2014a, b). NGOs' contribution in social welfare has been popular in many ways, such as 'democratisation of development' (Clark 1991), 'sources of development alternatives' (Drabek 1987), 'innovative approach' (Newaz 2003), 'vehicle for popular participation' (Farrington and Bebbington 1993), 'advocates for the poor' (Newaz 2003), and 'cost effective and efficient' (Bebbington 2004).…”
This paper presented two non-governmental organizations' (NGOs') social capital development initiatives for social welfare in Bangladesh. This study was based on a qualitative case study approach using a multi-method data collection procedure, where a semi-structured interview, social mapping, participant observation, in-depth case study, focus group discussion (FGD), and documentation survey were employed. The study selected two NGOs such as Proshika and Practical Action Bangladesh (PAB) working with two indigenous communities, e.g. blacksmiths and goldsmiths. This paper considered the application of the main elements of social capital such as collective actions, social trust, coordination and cooperation of mutual benefits, and sharing norms and values. The findings showed that in many cases, NGOs' social capital development initiatives for social welfare were successful. The findings would be useful for the social workers, policy makers, development practitioners, and NGO managers.
“…The smiths used their social networks, norms and values, and collective actions through their everyday interactions and contributed to economic and social well-being. These interactions were considered as 'bottomup' phenomena, which were derived from their social connections and networks, such as trust, mutual understanding, and norms of action (Islam 2014a;Islam and Morgan 2012a). We found that, though there were some group conflicts among the local leaders, but their social connections and networks helped to build up a common sense of 'civic' responsibility that integrated them more than a collection of individuals.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…The overall findings of this paper can be compared with some other findings, where we can see that NGOs' social capital development initiatives towards social welfare were successful, for examples, NGOs' social networking towards social welfare (Kwok 2003), cross-cutting ties and social welfare (Newton 2001), information sharing and partnership for human welfare among the poor (Buckland 1998), economic and social goods and services for the rural poor (Mondal 2000), NGOs as agents for community empowerment (Islam and Morgan 2012b), and participatory development and community empowerment (Abom 2004;Islam and Morgan 2012a;Islam 2015;Islam et al 2013). We observed that in some cases, NGOs' social capital initiatives towards social welfare such as social inequalities were problematic.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It performs a variety of service and humanitarian functions, brings citizen concerns to governments, advocates and monitors policies, and encourages people to participate in the development activities. NGOs in developing countries such as Bangladesh concentrate to provide services to the disadvantaged people, who are suffering from poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, and natural disasters (Islam and Morgan 2012a). The term social capital has been used so widely that it is very difficult to define it briefly.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…NGOs' communication and knowledge-sharing practices strengthened linking capacity with outside agents and improved critical awareness among the local producers about their needs. Islam and Morgan (2012a) and Islam (2015) found that NGOs' participatory planning creates routes for social capital; channel of communications helps to improve sharing values, norms, mutual benefits, and collective; and income-generation programmes improved social trust.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Kwok (2003) mentioned that social welfare is one of the systems of transfer payments to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich. In many developing countries such as Bangladesh, NGOs' development practice has been widened largely to respond to the needs of the disadvantaged people because of the lack of government support (Islam and Morgan 2012a;Devine 2006;Islam 2014a, b). NGOs' contribution in social welfare has been popular in many ways, such as 'democratisation of development' (Clark 1991), 'sources of development alternatives' (Drabek 1987), 'innovative approach' (Newaz 2003), 'vehicle for popular participation' (Farrington and Bebbington 1993), 'advocates for the poor' (Newaz 2003), and 'cost effective and efficient' (Bebbington 2004).…”
This paper presented two non-governmental organizations' (NGOs') social capital development initiatives for social welfare in Bangladesh. This study was based on a qualitative case study approach using a multi-method data collection procedure, where a semi-structured interview, social mapping, participant observation, in-depth case study, focus group discussion (FGD), and documentation survey were employed. The study selected two NGOs such as Proshika and Practical Action Bangladesh (PAB) working with two indigenous communities, e.g. blacksmiths and goldsmiths. This paper considered the application of the main elements of social capital such as collective actions, social trust, coordination and cooperation of mutual benefits, and sharing norms and values. The findings showed that in many cases, NGOs' social capital development initiatives for social welfare were successful. The findings would be useful for the social workers, policy makers, development practitioners, and NGO managers.
This article examines micro-enterprise development (MED) programmes of nongovernment organisations (NGOs) in two developing countries, Bangladesh and Indonesia, to explore understandings of success from the perspectives NGO managers and beneficiaries. Interviews were conducted with managers from 20 MED NGOs, and individuals and groups of beneficiaries from four of the NGOs. A review of the NGOs' publicly available documents was also undertaken and compared with interview data. The findings reveal NGOs' understandings of success at the organisational-level-emphasised organisational development. However, NGOs' interpretations of success at the programme level focused primarily on short-term outputs rather than long-term outcomes and impacts, with limited follow-up by NGOs. Implications include potential misconceptions regarding understandings of success from an internal (NGO) versus external perspective, and the need for longterm monitoring to understand how sustainable NGOs' programme outcomes actually are. K E Y W O R D S micro-enterprise development, NGOs, success, sustainable poverty alleviation 1 | INTRODUCTION Poverty alleviation remains an ongoing challenge (Agyemang et al., 2017; World Bank, 2015) with global implications. Despite the continued efforts of non-government organisations (NGOs) and others to address poverty, the World Bank's (2019) most recent estimates note 10% of the world's population (736 million people)live in extreme poverty (on less than $1.90 a day), and for many nations, poverty reduction has slowed or even reversed. NGOs are perceived as essential actors in delivering aid programmes to alle-
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