Non-Glucoregulatory Hormones (T₄, T₃, rT₃, TSH, Testosterone) during Physical Exercise in Juvenile-Type Diabetics

Abstract

Non-glucoregulatory hormones (T4, T3, rT3, TSH and testosterone) were studied by radioimmunoassay in juvenile-type diabetics in moderate control and in ketosis due to insulin withdrawal and in age matched "normals" during a mild prolonged exercise test. The basal serum hormone levels revealed the following findings: Serum testosterone was markedly lower in diabetics than in normals ( 177 +/- 24 resp. 618 +/- 52 ng/dl). This is in contrast to other studies, but it may reflect decreased testicular function due to an early, clinically not apparent atherosclerotic disease. Serum T3 was significantly lower in diabetics than in normals (110 +/- 16 resp. 145 +/- 19), suggesting an early "low T3-syndrome" in juvenile-type diabetics. However, increased serum rT3 levels were not observed, and serum T4 and TSH were normal. Mild prolonged exercise had no major effects on these nonglucoregulatory hormones. In juvenile-type diabetics the degree of metabolic control had no influence on the response of the mentioned hormones. However, an increased cortisol/testosterone ratio in ketotic diabetics in the basal state with a further increase during exercise was demonstrated, indicating an aggravation of the catabolic state in these patients during exercise.

Effect of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Serum Testosterone and Plasma Lactate in Cyclist After an Exhaustive Exercise Bout

“…In other words, there are contradictions about the cause and effect of physical exercise and the amount of testosterone in different researches [7,16,[20][21][22]. Besides the studies reporting that free and total testosterone levels did not change with exercise [23][24][25], there are also those noting that free and total testosterone levels significantly decreased with exercise [26][27][28]. The increase we obtained in free and total testosterone levels immediately after exhaustion is in contrast with the findings of these researchers.…”

Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis, Thyroid Axis, Prolactin, and Exercise

“…Berchtold et al [30] reported that during very prolonged submaximal exercise ( ∼ 3 h), total T 4 remained constant but then declined significantly during recovery. In the same study, the level of T 3 continuously declined during exercise.…”

“…The discrepancy in these findings may be related to the fact that these studies failed to completely account for the influence of nutrient balance on the thyroid turnover rate, i.e. a negative energy balance has been shown to substantially reduce the thyroid responses [23,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] . However, Baylor and Hackney [35] followed elite athletes during a 20-week training competition cycle and found that resting free T 3 and TSH were reduced during intensive competitive periods even though no significant changes in body mass occurred.…”

“…However, Baylor and Hackney [35] followed elite athletes during a 20-week training competition cycle and found that resting free T 3 and TSH were reduced during intensive competitive periods even though no significant changes in body mass occurred. The turnover rate of thyroid hormones appears to increase in training athletes [24,30,37] . It is possible that the tissue sensitivity to T 3 [23,30] could account for the free T 3 reduction noted above.…”

Prolactinemia in Exercising Male Athletes

“…1976;Dessypris et al, 1976;Kuoppasalmi et al, 1976;Brisson et al, 1977Brisson et al, , 1979Galbo et al, 1977;Berchtold et al, 1978]. For prolactin (PRL), reports are almost nonexistent.…”