Non-fungible tokens, decentralized autonomous organizations, Web 3.0, and the metaverse in education: From university to metaversity

Abstract

The pandemic has accelerated technological advances in higher education. Learning management systems that make use of the persistent platform, a wide range of communication options, and profoundly immersive qualities quickly become the platform of choice for learning management systems. The blockchain enables non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and uses the blockchain architecture to validate college diplomas and transcripts, opening the way for a diverse variety of e-portfolios owned and shared by students and teachers. Another type of blockchain that is relatively new to the education scene is decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Through this, technology courses, certificates, and more can become automated and authenticated on the blockchain. The current state of the web is rapidly evolving into what is known as Web 3.0. It is the emerging evolution of the internet to make it machine-readable, which includes leveraging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the cloud, and distributed ledger technologies such as blockchain. From the perspectives of the university and the metaverse, this paper discusses the shift in education brought about by NFTs, DAOs, Web 3.0, and the metaverse. The powerful mix of Web 3.0 and the metaverse is about to revolutionize the way people learn and teach in the modern world.

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)—Survey of Current Applications, Evolution, and Future Directions

“…Several colleges are using NFTs for certification and working in remote learning environments. Duke University is one such instance that has accepted NFTs as proof of education for its Master of Engineering in Financial Technology program [68]. The solution aims to preserve the authenticity of certificates and prevent counterfeits from being affiliated with them.…”

“…These tokens serve as ownership and voting rights inside the DAO. NFTs may be utilized in educational DAOs, where participants come together to decide on educational initiatives, curriculum design, or resource distribution [68].…”

Rancang Bangun Library Web Token untuk Enkripsi HTTP Data Menggunakan Eksklusif-OR (XOR)

“…Tabel Pada tabel 6 dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengiriman dan penerimaan data melalui metode POST dan GET telah berhasil dilakukan dengan integritas data yang terjaga (Sutikno, 2023). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dapat mengirim dan menerima data dengan benar pada berbagai ukuran data yang berbeda, mulai dari 10 hingga 100.000.…”

AI, Analytics and a New Assessment Model for Universities

“…An analysis by Wu and Liu [39] identified several educational applications of NFTs in addition to microcredentials, including transcripts and records, content creation, and learning experiences. In the view of Sutikno and Aisyahrani [40], there will be an important role for NFTs in education alongside future possibilities involving decentralised autonomous organisations, Web 3.0, and an immersive 3D educational metaverse-all of which are likely to have significant impacts on traditional assessment practices.…”