“…The rapid development of modern science and technology poses two challenges to the traditional theory of heat transfer, such as: (1) the classical Fourier's heat conduction law is no longer valid under the ultrafast laser heating and nanoscale conditions Bishri, 1999;Herwig and Beckert, 2000;Zhou et al, 2008;Mohajer et al, 2016;Guo and Xu, 1992;Shiomi and Maruyama, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006); (2) thermodynamic optimization method based on minimum entropy generation principle is not suitable for heat transfer problems without heat to work conversion (Bertola and Cafaro, 2008;Kjelstrup et al, 2000;Prigogine, 1967;Bejan, 1977;Bejan, 1979;Bejan, 1982;Bejan, 2002;Hesselgreaves, 2000;Pandey and Nema, 2011;Sekulic, 1986). In order to solve the first challenge, unlike the existing approaches to meet the first challenge, they all revise the existing Fourier's law of heat conduction (Tzou, 1996;Rukolaine, 2014;Chen et al, 2006;Cattaneo, 1948;Vernotte, 1958).…”