Non-formulation Parameters That Affect Penetrant-Skin-Vehicle Interactions and Percutaneous Absorption

Grice, Jeffrey E.; Moghimi, Hamid; Ryan, Elizabeth; Zhang, Qian; Haridass, Isha N.; Mohammed, Yousuf; Roberts, Michael S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53270-6_4

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 160 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to molecular weight and volatility, lipophilic, and hydrophilic properties, often denominated as the octanol/water partition coefficient (LogP) is assumed an important determinant for penetration through the skin 47,49,50 . Since a parabolic relationship between skin permeation and LogP has been demonstrated 51 , the relatively low penetration rate of tributylamine is also consistent with the very high lipophilicity of the chemical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Decontamination efficacy of soapy water and water washing following exposure of toxic chemicals on human skin

Forsberg

Öberg

Artursson

et al. 2020

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim of the study: Following exposure to toxic chemicals, skin uptake is a potential route of intoxication. Therefore, efficient methods for rapid skin decontamination to mitigate systemic effects are of utmost importance. In operational guidelines, skin decontamination is recommended to be performed by dry absorption and washing with water or soapy water. In the present study, evaluation of decontamination efficacy using water or soapy water was performed for five chemicals, three toxic industrial chemicals and two simulants for chemical warfare agents. Materials and methods: Decontamination was initiated at time points 5, 15, 45 and 120 min after exposure in order to evaluate the time window for efficient decontamination. Experiments were conducted utilizing an in vitro skin penetration model to allow exposure of toxic chemicals on human skin. Results: For all test substances, it was clearly demonstrated that decontamination had greater efficacy when initiated at the earliest time-point while decontamination after 120 min was less efficient. Adding soap to the water showed no significant improvement for any of the tested substances. Conclusion: These results are of reledvance for the development of efficient operational decontamination procedures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Decontamination efficacy of soapy water and water washing following exposure of toxic chemicals on human skin

Forsberg

Öberg

Artursson

et al. 2020

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This complex process occurs when water enters corneocytes, swelling them and forming liquid “pools” and inter-corneocyte ruptures within the skin structure (Tan et al 2010 ) that opens up the compact SC by increasing the amount of unbound water in the SC. These interactions disorder the structure of the lipids and proteins within the SC (Grice et al 2017 ) and subsequently reduces the barrier effectivity. Wester, Noonan, and Maibach ( 1977 ) conducted a study on Rhesus monkeys (n = 3 to 5) in which the penetration of three doses (13.3 µg/cm 2 ) of hydrocortisone applied to the ventral forearm was measured both with and without soap water washes between applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wash-in effect and its significance for mass casualty decontamination

James¹,

Izon-Cooper²,

Collins³

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Decontamination of skin by washing may increase dermal absorption, a phenomenon known as the wash-in effect. The wash-in effect is frequently discussed in studies investigating casualty decontamination where potentially life-saving interventions may enhance the dermal penetration of toxic chemicals, leading to an increase in incidence of morbidity and rates of mortality. However, the wash-in effect is seldom investigated within the context of mass casualty decontamination and real-life consequences are therefore poorly understood. This paper reviews the existing literature on the wash-in effect to highlight the proposed mechanisms for enhanced absorption and evaluate the wash-in effect within the context of mass casualty chemical decontamination.

show abstract

“…Patel et al (2002) analyzed data for 158 chemicals penetrating through excised human skin in vitro and found that the key determinants of penetration are hydrophobicity and low molecular size. A parabolic relationship is seen between skin penetration and hydrophobicity (Grice et al, 2017), expressed as the logarithm of its octanol/water partition coefficient (log P o/w ), in which the two increase proportionally up to a peak, after which highly lipophilic chemicals (log P o/w > 3.87) face decreasing penetration (Ngo et al, 2010). Higher volatility reduces absorption rates due to the chemical's oppositional desires to evaporate from or penetrate into skin (Bronaugh et al, 1985; Bronaugh et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of water‐only or soap and water skin decontamination of chemical warfare agents or simulants using in vitro human models: A systematic review

Chiang

Kashetsky

Feschuk

et al. 2021

J of Applied Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water-only or water and soap are widely recommended as preferred solutions for dermal decontamination. However, limited efficacy data exist. We summarized experimental studies evaluating in vitro efficacy of water-only or soap and water in decontaminating chemical warfare agents (CWA) or their simulants from human skin models. Embase, Covidence ® , MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for articles using water-only or soap and water decontamination methods for removal of CWA/CWA simulants in in vitro human skin models.Data extraction was completed from seven studies, yielding seven contaminants.Water-only decontamination led to partial decontamination in all skin samples (100%, n = 81/81). Soap and water decontamination led to partial decontamination in all skin samples (100%, n = 143/143). Four studies found decontamination to either paradoxically enhance absorption of contaminants or their penetration rates, known as the "wash-in" effect. Despite recommendations, water-only or water and soap decontamination were found to yield partial decontamination of CWA or their simulants in all human in vitro studies. Thus, more effective decontaminating agents are needed. Some studies demonstrated increased or faster penetration of chemicals following decontamination, which could prove deadly for agents such as VX, although these findings require in vivo validation. Heterogeneity in experimental setups limits interstudy comparison, and it remains unclear when water-only or water and soap are ideal decontaminants, which requires more studies. Pending manuscripts will summarize in vivo human and animal efficacy data. International harmonized efficacy protocol should enable more efficient public health decisions for evidence-based public health decisions.

show abstract

Non-formulation Parameters That Affect Penetrant-Skin-Vehicle Interactions and Percutaneous Absorption

Cited by 12 publications

References 160 publications

Decontamination efficacy of soapy water and water washing following exposure of toxic chemicals on human skin

Decontamination efficacy of soapy water and water washing following exposure of toxic chemicals on human skin

The wash-in effect and its significance for mass casualty decontamination

Efficacy of water‐only or soap and water skin decontamination of chemical warfare agents or simulants using in vitro human models: A systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About