Non-farm employment promotes nutritious diet without increasing carbon footprint: Evidence from rural China

Ma, Shaoyue; Sun, Mingxing; Xu, Xiaofang; Bai, Yunli; Fu, Chengjie; Li, Chang; Zhang, Linxiu

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133273

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Non-farm employment. Referring to previous research [ 20 , 55 ], this variable is measured by the number of family members with non-farm employment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have examined the impact of non-farm employment on the food consumption and nutritional intake of rural households from different perspectives. Ma (2022) focused on the carbon footprint perspective to analyze the impact of non-farm employment on the total amount and structure of household food consumption and obtained the conclusion that non-farm employment is positively associated with household food consumption [ 20 ]. Bai (2024) analyzed the impact of non-farm employment and agricultural production activities on improving household dietary diversity in Asia and empirically confirmed that non-farm employment is positively associated with household dietary diversity [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Non-farm Employment Improve Dietary Diversity of Left-Behind Family Members in Rural China?

Zhang,

Wang

2024

Foods

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Rural residents in China are still at risk of malnutrition, and increasing dietary diversity is crucial to improving their health. This study empirically analyzed the impact of non-farm employment on the dietary diversity of rural left-behind family members based on the China Land Economy Survey (CLES) 2020–2021 panel data at the farm and village levels. Dietary diversity was measured using the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda Score (CFGPS). The empirical results show that non-farm employment significantly enhances the dietary diversity of rural left-behind household members, including animal food diversity and plant food diversity. This result verifies the altruism phenomenon of non-farm employment in family diet. Mechanism analysis shows that non-farm employment enhances the dietary diversity of rural left-behind family members by increasing the level of family income, Internet accessibility, and family education. Heterogeneity analysis shows that non-farm employment does not enhance the dietary diversity of rural empty nesters and even has a negative impact. This reminds us that the nutritional health of rural empty nesters needs attention in the context of rapid urbanization and aging.

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“…Non-farm employment. Referring to previous research [ 20 , 55 ], this variable is measured by the number of family members with non-farm employment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Non-farm Employment Improve Dietary Diversity of Left-Behind Family Members in Rural China?

Zhang,

Wang

2024

Foods

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“…Emp represents the number of migrant and local off-farm workers in every family, respectively. It is measured by the number of migrants or local off-farm workers in every family (Taylor et al, 2003;Atamanov and Van den Berg, 2012;Ma et al, 2022). Migrants refer to the members who move to urban areas and engage in non-agricultural undertakings for more than 6 months a year and do not go back their rural homes regularly (less than 2 times a year), whereas local off-farm employees denote the ones who remain in their rural homes and participate in off-farm work for over a half of a year.…”

Section: Empirical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of off-farm employment on land efficiency in different patterns: Field evidence from post-reform China

Zhao

Pei

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The three rights separation reform (TRSR) has laid a concrete foundation institutionally to guide the well-ordered transfer of farmland and promoting the development of urbanization. With the new economics of labour migration (hereinafter referred to as the NELM) theory as the analytic basis, this empirical research investigates the potential ramifications of off-farm employment on land efficiency with household-based survey data from four provinces in China after TRSR. Unlike existing studies, we delve into how the effects are manifested differently among the types of off-farm employment by adopting an ordinary least squares (OLS) model and a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator. It provides evidence that migration positively affect land efficiency significantly, whereas a negative impact of local off-farm employment on land efficiency is observed, which distinct this study from previous findings. From the perspective of policy-making, land administrators should realize that off-farm employment differentiation is an important factor affecting land efficiency, and therefore needs to be fully considered in policy-making. Meanwhile, the establishment of local labor markets and favorable policies that stimulate productive technologies are needed.

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“…For instance, those who stay in the countryside can use the remittances of the migrant workers to their families to invest in agricultural production operations, buy agricultural machinery or fertilizers to increase productivity [32], and perform the substitution role of the capital factor for the labor factor [33], thus reshaping the input-output relationship in food production. The micro-household perspective has also been taken into consideration, suggesting that nonagricultural employment is an essential way to provide improved food consumption for smallholder households [34], which can contribute to household nutrition [35] and play an important role in the reduction of malnutrition and the conservation of agro-biodiversity [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Non-Agricultural Employment on Food Security in China’s Old Revolutionary Base Areas

Wen,

Zeng

2024

Agriculture

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With the growing trend of arable land abandonment, the potential threat to the security of the food supply has sparked public concern. In order to examine the impact of non-agricultural employment on food security, this study builds linear regression models for research based on panel data from counties in China’s old revolutionary base areas. The empirical results show that, although the impact of non-agricultural employment on total grain production is not significant, it has a significant negative impact on both area and productivity, which indicates that non-agricultural employment poses a challenge to food security. In addition, the study examines the potential benefits of non-farm employment on two aspects of food security, including intensive management and the increase of new business entities. Non-farm employment can also significantly promote intensive management, thereby reducing the food-security challenges brought by non-farm employment, while the benefits of new management entities are insignificant. These findings contribute to the optimization of economic policies related to agricultural development, including exploring land property rights reform systems to promote land transfer, strengthening labor quality improvement in the agricultural sector, and formulating supporting policies to stabilize non-agricultural employment in accordance with local conditions.

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Non-farm employment promotes nutritious diet without increasing carbon footprint: Evidence from rural China

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Can Non-farm Employment Improve Dietary Diversity of Left-Behind Family Members in Rural China?

Can Non-farm Employment Improve Dietary Diversity of Left-Behind Family Members in Rural China?

Assessing the impact of off-farm employment on land efficiency in different patterns: Field evidence from post-reform China

Impact of Non-Agricultural Employment on Food Security in China’s Old Revolutionary Base Areas

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