Non-falciparum malaria infection and IgG seroprevalence among children under 15 years in Nigeria, 2018

Herman, Camelia; Leonard, Colleen M.; Uhomoibhi, Perpetua; Maire, Mark; Moss, Delynn M.; Inyang, Uwem; Abubakar, Ado; Ogunniyi, Abiodun; Mba, Nwando; Greby, Stacie M.; Okoye, McPaul; Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C.; Maikore, Ibrahim; Steinhardt, Laura C.; Rogier, Eric

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37010-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…IgG levels for these latter three targets remained low throughout the first 2 years of life, but high variability in AMA1 and PfMSP1 antigens as children aged showed P. falciparum exposure and adaptive immune responses to these immunogenic antigens. Maternal transfer of non-falciparum IgG was also noted in this neonatal study population (24) and showed similar temporal dynamics to the P. falciparum IgG targets. Similar trends of waning maternally-derived IgG levels have been found in previous studies, with antimalarial IgG levels decreasing to their lowest between 6-9 months of age in other high-transmission settings and the lowest proportion of seropositive infants was seen at approximately 10 months for AMA1 and PfMSP1 (30, 31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…To dichotomize seropositivity to each antigen, a 2-component FMM of the log 10 -transformed MFI-bg signal was fit for each antigen’s IgG response ( 22 ), and the positivity cutoff was determined by the lognormal mean of the first component (presumed seronegative) plus three standard deviations ( 21 ). Due to high levels of P. falciparum exposure and seropositivity, a 6-component FMM was created for PfMSP1 and AMA1 to best define the first, putative seronegative, component ( 24 ). Due to the transition between passively-transferred IgG in child serum, and actively acquired serum antibodies through natural exposure, different seropositivity cutoffs were generated for the population of children under 2, and the population of children from 2 to 4 years of age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of IgG antibody response against Plasmodium antigens among Nigerian infants and young children

Leonard,

Uhomoibhi,

Abubakar

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundPlasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of child mortality in Nigeria. Neonates are born with maternal antibodies from placental transfer which may protect against malaria infection in the first months of life. The IgG dynamics of the transition from passively transferred antimalarial antibodies to actively acquired IgG from natural exposure have not been well elucidated.MethodsBlood samples collected during a 2018 Nigeria nationwide HIV/AIDS household survey were available for 9,443 children under 5 years of age, with a subset of infants under 2 months of age having maternal samples available (n=41). Samples were assayed for the P. falciparum HRP2 antigen and anti-malarial IgG antibodies. LOESS regression examined the dynamics in IgG response in the first 5 years of life. Correlation with maternal IgG levels was assessed for mother/child pairs.ResultsConsistent decreases were observed in median IgG levels against all Plasmodium spp. antigen targets for the first months of life. At a population level, P. falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein-1 19kD (PfMSP1) IgG decreased during the first 12 months of life before reaching a nadir, whereas IgGs to other targets only declined for the first 4 months of life. Seropositivity showed a similar decline with the lowest seropositivity against AMA1 and PfMSP1 at 10-12 months, though remaining above 50% during the first 2 years of life in higher transmission areas. No protective association was observed between IgG positivity and P. falciparum infection in infants. Maternal antibody levels showed a strong positive correlation with infant antibody levels for all P. falciparum antigens from birth to 2 months of age, but this correlation was lost by 6 months of age.DiscussionMaternally transferred anti-malarial IgG antibodies rapidly decline during the first 6 months of life, with variations among specific antigens and malaria transmission intensity. From 3-23 months of age, there was a wide range in IgG levels for the blood-stage antigens indicating high individual variation in antibody production as children are infected with malaria. Non-falciparum species-specific antigens showed similar patterns in waning immunity and correlation with paired mother’s IgG levels compared to P. falciparum antigens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of IgG antibody response against Plasmodium antigens among Nigerian infants and young children

Leonard,

Uhomoibhi,

Abubakar

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…To the best of our knowledge this is the first time P. vivax is being identified in Ghana. However, several cases of P. vivax have been identified in various sites in Nigeria [29][30][31][32], Cameroon [33,34], Benin [35] and Senegal [36]. In this current study, the Pf/Pv/Pm mixed-infections were seen in two males (7 and 16 years), from two different but contiguous districts (Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese district and Cape Coast metropolis).…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 49%

Molecular speciation of Plasmodium and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection in the Central region of Ghana

Aninagyei,

Puopelle,

Tukwarlba

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Malaria is endemic in the Central region of Ghana, however, the ecological and the seasonal variations of Plasmodium population structure and the intensity of malaria transmission in multiple sites in the region have not been explored. In this cross-sectional study, five districts in the region were involved. The districts were Agona Swedru, Assin Central and Gomoa East (representing the forest zone) and Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese and Cape Coast representing the coastal zone. Systematically, blood samples were collected from patients with malaria. The malaria status was screened with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit (CareStart manufactured by Access Bio in Somerset, USA) and the positive ones confirmed microscopically. Approximately, 200 μL of blood was used to prepare four dried blood spots of 50μL from each microscopy positive sample. The Plasmodium genome was sequenced at the Malaria Genome Laboratory (MGL) of Wellcome Sanger Institute (WSI), Hinxton, UK. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the parasite mitochondria (PfMIT:270) core genome aided the species identification of Plasmodium. Subsequently, the complexity of infection (COI) was determined using the complexity of infection likelihood (COIL) computational analysis. In all, 566 microscopy positive samples were sequenced. Of this number, Plasmodium genome was detected in 522 (92.2%). However, whole genome sequencing was successful in 409/522 (72.3%) samples. In total, 516/522 (98.8%) of the samples contained P. falciparum mono-infection while the rest (1.2%) were either P. falciparum/P. ovale (Pf/Po) (n = 4, 0.8%) or P. falciparum/P. malariae/P. vivax (Pf/Pm/Pv) mixed-infection (n = 2, 0.4%). All the four Pf/Po infections were identified in samples from the Assin Central municipality whilst the two Pf/Pm/Pv triple infections were identified in Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese district and Cape Coast metropolis. Analysis of the 409 successfully sequenced genome yielded between 1–6 P. falciparum clones per individual infection. The overall mean COI was 1.78±0.92 (95% CI: 1.55–2.00). Among the study districts, the differences in the mean COI between ecological zones (p = 0.0681) and seasons (p = 0.8034) were not significant. However, regression analysis indicated that the transmission of malaria was more than twice among study participants aged 15–19 years (OR = 2.16, p = 0.017) and almost twice among participants aged over 60 years (OR = 1.91, p = 0.021) compared to participants between 20–59 years. Between genders, mean COI was similar except in Gomoa East where females recorded higher values. In conclusion, the study reported, for the first time, P. vivax in Ghana. Additionally, intense malaria transmission was found to be higher in the 15–19 and > 60 years, compared to other age groups. Therefore, active surveillance for P. vivax in Ghana and enhanced malaria control measures in the 15–19 year group years and those over 60 years are recommended.

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“…In the same vein, 38.4% of global malaria deaths occurred in Nigerian children younger than five years old in 2021 [1]. Further, P. vivax, P. ovale wallikeri, P. ovale curtisi and P. malariae are non-Plasmodium falciparum species incriminated in malaria disease [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age and gender on malaria knowledge among people attending Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

Emmanuel Okoro Enyi,

Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha,

Moses Nkechukwu Ikegbunam

et al. 2023

Magna Sci. Adv. Biol. Pharm.

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Malaria is responsible for most morbidity and fatality in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria having the highest proportion. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of age and gender on people’s knowledge towards malaria at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. A hospital-based study was conducted on 500 participants attending health care. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics and respondents’ knowledge on cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention of malaria. The socio-demographic variables for the respondents showed that 50.4% were male, while 49.6% were female; (34%, 66%) were < 11 years and ≥ 11 years respectively. The association of participants’ knowledge towards cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention of malaria with age was (< 11 years: Mean score = 28.8, 28.1, 34.9, SD = 3.8, 1.46, 11.2; ≥ 11 years: Mean score = 53.8, 63.3, 59.1, SD = 4.54, 0.91, 4.74) respectively. The association of respondents’ knowledge on malaria cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention with gender was (male: Mean score = 48.9, 50.47, 50.3 SD= 1.79, 0.58, 3.50; female: Mean score = 38.1, 40.9, 43.7, SD = 2.54, 1.48, 3.58) respectively. The older and the male study populace had better significant knowledge towards malaria with respect to cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention than their counterparts.

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Non-falciparum malaria infection and IgG seroprevalence among children under 15 years in Nigeria, 2018

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Dynamics of IgG antibody response against Plasmodium antigens among Nigerian infants and young children

Dynamics of IgG antibody response against Plasmodium antigens among Nigerian infants and young children

Molecular speciation of Plasmodium and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection in the Central region of Ghana

Effects of age and gender on malaria knowledge among people attending Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

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