Non-extensive thermostatistics approach to metal melting entropy

Lissia

2016

Negentropy (negative entropy) is the negative contribution to the total entropy of correlated many-body environments. Negentropy can play a role in transferring its related stored mobilizable energy to colliding nuclei that participate in spontaneous or induced nuclear fusions in solid or liquid metals or in stellar plasmas. This energy transfer mechanism can explain the observed increase of nuclear fusion rates relative to the standard Salpeter screening. The importance of negentropy in these specific many-body quantum systems and its relation to many-body correlation entropy are discussed.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Negentropy in Many-Body Quantum Systems

Lissia

2016

“…A great number of liquid metals have a negentropy of about

[ 20 , 21 ]. An inserted subsystem can receive a few hundred eV when it interacts with 100 elements during a mean free path.…”

Section: Some Possible Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy from Negentropy of Non-Cahotic Systems

Kaniadakis

2018

Negative contribution of entropy (negentropy) of a non-cahotic system, representing the potential of work, is a source of energy that can be transferred to an internal or inserted subsystem. In this case, the system loses order and its entropy increases. The subsystem increases its energy and can perform processes that otherwise would not happen, like, for instance, the nuclear fusion of inserted deuterons in liquid metal matrix, among many others. The role of positive and negative contributions of free energy and entropy are explored with their constraints. The energy available to an inserted subsystem during a transition from a non-equilibrium to the equilibrium chaotic state, when particle interaction (element of the system) is switched off, is evaluated. A few examples are given concerning some non-ideal systems and a possible application to the nuclear reaction screening problem is mentioned.

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The mechanism described in the published paper [1] that increases the kinetic energy of light nuclei undergoing nuclear fusion, usually low energy deuterons accelerated against a host environment with implanted deuterons, does not substitute the electronic screening mechanism (as the standard Salpeter screening, the adiabatic or other proposed stationary or dynamic versions).

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confidence: 99%

“…The Comments are explicitly related to contents of two published papers: actual [1] and [2]. A third paper [3], where the measured screening potential liquid-solid difference is explained using the correlation entropy S − , should also be considered.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reply to Jay Lawrence. Comments on Piero Quarati et al. Negentropy in Many-Body Quantum Systems. Entropy 2016, 18, 63

Lissia

2016

The Comments are explicitly related to contents of two published papers: actual [1] and [2]. A third paper [3], where the measured screening potential liquid-solid difference is explained using the correlation entropy S − , should also be considered.The mechanism described in the published paper [1] that increases the kinetic energy of light nuclei undergoing nuclear fusion, usually low energy deuterons accelerated against a host environment with implanted deuterons, does not substitute the electronic screening mechanism (as the standard Salpeter screening, the adiabatic or other proposed stationary or dynamic versions). It must be taken in addition to the electron screening potential energy after the stopping power corrections as, for instance, in the case of d-d fusion in deuterated metals or other similar fusion reactions.The contributions of the positive and negative parts of entropy of the environment, given in [1], concern the entropy per single ion (S + and S − are in k B units per ion). The negative part (negentropy), is related to many-body correlations. To explain experimental results we require that the number of ions involved in the mechanism contributing to the enhancement of the fusion rates is of the order of few thousands depending on the fusion reaction and on the host environment. This amount of ions, compared to the Avogadro number, is almost negligible. The ions contributing are those belonging to the cage (Ref.[57] of [1], p. 655; see also Verlet and Weis [4]) of the fusing ions during their mean free path between two elastic collisions. Consequently, total S + and S − of the complete host environment are not modified, the mechanical and thermodynamic bulk properties of the host environment are not changed at all. The environment does not relax or make transitions to a different thermodynamic state, remains stable with its entropy sum of positive and negative contributions. The parameters characteristic of the environment can fluctuate around their mean values.The choice to write the entropy as the sum of two contributions (available for work, unavailable) already indicated by Clausius (valoric interpretation of entropy [5]) and used, for instance, by Klimontovich [6,7] and by Chang (Refs. [16,17] of [1]), in many works when the system is away from the q = 1 global equilibrium state, permits to take track of the rôle of the two parts. Entropy can be thought in terms of distance from equilibrium and of relative phase space occupation instead of measure of disorder.In the lack of direct measurements of distribution functions, Wallace (Refs.