“…On one hand, a number of parental-related variables such as facilitative parenting (defined as parenting that is utilized to develop a child’s social competency; Healy & Sanders, 2014; Tippett & Wolke, 2015), parental support (Mishna et al, 2016; Rajendran, Kruszewski, & Halperin, 2016; Thompson, 2015), and positive home environment (Khamis, 2015) could provide protective effects against bullying or victimization. On the other hand, some factors including family violence (de Oliveira, da Silva, Yoshinaga, & Silva, 2015; Espelage, 2014), poor family attachment (Chan & Wong, 2015), adverse childhood experiences at home (Connell, Morris, & Piquero, 2016), negative parenting style (Hasan & Jessica, 2016), and harsh discipline (Tippett & Wolke, 2015) can have adverse effects on bullying and victimization. Besides, parenting is known to affect the child’s healthy genetic expression on postnatal growth (Rossouw, 2013).…”