Non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation of phosphorus in an Ni–Cr steel

Wang, Kai; Si, Hong; Yang, Chun; Xu, Tao; Shao, Chong Xiao; Chen, Xianmiao

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2011.03.005

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The critical time was verified for different solutes in a number of alloy systems, including B in Fe–30Ni(B) alloy (Fig. 1 23), S in Cu doped ferrite alloy,36 Ni, Sb and Ti in a low carbon NiCr steels,37 P in 12Cr1MoV steel,38 P, S and B in ultralow carbon steel,39 Mg, S and P in a Ni base alloy,40 – 42 P in an Ni–Cr steel43 and 304L stainless steel,44, 45 Ni and Sn as well as N and Cr in 2·6NiCrMoV steel 46,47…”

Section: Theoretical Framework Of Non-equilibrium Grain Boundary Segr...mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The critical time was verified for different solutes in a number of alloy systems, including B in Fe-30Ni(B) alloy (Fig. 1 23 ), S in Cu doped ferrite alloy, 36 Ni, Sb and Ti in a low carbon NiCr steels, 37 P in 12Cr1MoV steel, 38 P, S and B in ultralow carbon steel, 39 Mg, S and P in a Ni base alloy, [40][41][42] P in an Ni-Cr steel 43 and 304L stainless steel, 44,45 Ni and Sn as well as N and Cr in 2?6NiCrMoV steel. 46,47 When the holding time at a particular temperature after quenching was longer than the critical time, the TNGS concentration of impurities decreases, and thus, the intergranular embrittlement induced by the impurities also decreases on prolonging the holding time at a particular temperature.…”

Section: Critical Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2013

International Materials Reviews

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The review is aimed at presenting a unified approach in understanding the mechanism of nonequilibrium grain boundary segregation, which can satisfactorily describe the three types of intergranular embrittlement, namely, reverse temper embrittlement of steels, intergranular corrosion embrittlement of stainless steels and intermediate temperature embrittlement of metals and alloys. The review starts with a broad perspective of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, including thermally induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation and stress induced non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation. Next, it focuses on the recent progress made in the non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, including (1) critical time, (2) segregation peak temperature, (3) segregation peak temperature movement for thermally induced and stress induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, and (4) the effect of temperature difference on thermally-induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation. Next, the attention is focused on the grain boundary coverage of elements and intergranular embrittlement phenomena. Three types of intergranular embrittlement is analysed in terms of (1) the ductility healing effect induced by the critical time, (2) embrittlement peak or ductility trough induced by the segregation peak temperature, (3) embrittlement peak or ductility trough movement induced by the segregation peak temperature movement and (4) widening and deepening of ductility trough induced by differences in temperature. These experimental phenomena concerning the three types of intergranular embrittlement are consistent with the models of thermally induced and stress induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregations of impurities, instead of precipitation or equilibrium grain boundary segregation. Towards the end, we visit the subject of grain boundary segregation and associated embrittlement process from the viewpoint of fracture resistance and briefly discuss different perspectives that are of practical significance. List of symbolsA constant b the Burger's vector B Norton coefficient C b (t c ) grain boundary concentration at critical time C b(s50) equilibrium concentration of solute at the grain boundaries C g concentration of solute within the grains C v s~0 ð Þ equilibrium vacancy concentration at grain boundaries C v s~s ð Þ grain boundary vacancy concentration induced by the tensile stress D b the diffusivity D c diffusion coefficients for complexes under or in absence of applied tensile stress D i diffusion coefficients for solute atoms under or in absence of applied tensile stress E the elastic or Young's modulus -E the embrittlement sensitivity in K/at-% of solute at the grain boundary E b formation energy of vacancy solute atom complex International Materials Reviews 2013 VOL 58 NO 5263 E f vacancy formation energy E gb the elastic or Young's modulus of grain boundary region F v the formation energy of a vacancy in the boundary region H Z intergranular Auger peak to peak height of an element normalised with the ...

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Section: Theoretical Framework Of Non-equilibrium Grain Boundary Segr...mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Critical Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2013

International Materials Reviews

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“…For the dynamics of P segregation, there are equilibrium segregation model and non-equilibrium segregation model to reveal the P segregation characteristics of different thermal histories [12][13][14]. Previous research revealed the influence of elements [15,16], heat treatment [17][18][19][20], irradiation [21] and stress [22] on P segregation. In recent years, Min et al [23] found that P segregation in mediumcarbon low-alloy steel has the effect on promoting delamination toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Trace Phosphorus Segregation and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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The segregation behavior of trace amount of phosphorus (P) and the mechanical properties of dual-phase (DP) steels have been systematically studied. The microstructure of DP steels is mainly composed of martensite, ferrite and nanoscale carbides. For the DP steels with different trace amounts of P (≤ 0.015 wt%), P has almost no effect on the mechanical properties. Atom probe technology (APT) analyses confirm that P segregation was only found at the precipitate/matrix interface. Moreover, the precipitates of (Ti, Mo) C are widely distributed in the ferrite, martensite and ferrite/martensite interface regions. The special segregation feature of P would not concentrate at specific regions such as ferrite/martensite interface and/or martensite lath interface, which reveals that trace amounts of P (≤ 0.015wt%) have almost no effect on the mechanical properties of DP steels. It is proved for the first time that the MC-type carbides of (Ti, Mo) C can reduce or eliminate the damage effect of P on the mechanical properties of steels, which provides a new way for the design of alloys to reduce P damage. This work will promote to increase the P content control standard in DP steels from 0.01 to 0.015 wt%, which will not change the mechanical properties, but greatly reduce the scrap rate and increase the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process.

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