Non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor based on Pt NPs/RGO-CS-Fc nano-hybrids for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in living cells

An amperometric H2O2 biosensor based on hemoglobin nanoparticles immobilized on to a gold electrode

“…The biosensor showed optimum current at pH 6.5 in 0.1 M sodium PB (Figure 5a), which is similar to that of biosensor based on Cytc/NiONPs/c-MWCNT/PANI/Au [37] but lower than those involving Hb/NGP (pH 7.0) [20], Hb/collagen microbelt (pH 7.0) [21], Hb/Ag sol films/GCE (7.0) [22], Hb/AuNPs/L-cys/ p -ABSA/Pt disk (pH 7.0) [23], Hb/collagen-MWCNT (7.0) [24], DP-AuNP/HRP/GCE (7.0) [29], GRCAPS/HRP/ITO (7.0) [30], ERGO/GCE (7.0) [32], TTP/SPCE (7.0) [34], PtRu/3DGF (7.4) [36] and higher than HRP/PAN-PNMThH (6.0) [31], TMB/HRP/PDMS/TEOS/SiO 2 NPs (5.0) [33] and DNA–Hb/Au (5.0) [25]. The optimum incubation temperature was observed at 30°C (Figure 5b), which is similar to the Cytc/NiONPs/c-MWCNT/PANI/Au (30°C) but higher than those of Hb/NGP (25°C) [20], Hb/AuNPs/L-cys/ p -ABSA/Pt disk (25°C) [23], Hb/collagen microbelt (20°C) [21], and lower than those of PtNPs/RGO/CS/Fc (37°C) [28], GRCAPS/HRP/ITO (37°C) [30]. Figure 5c showed that there was a sharp increase in biosensor response with the increase in incubation time upto 2.5 s, after that it became constant.…”

“…working electrode showed optimum oxidation/reduction peak, i.e. current at a potential of –0.2 V (Figure 4), which is similar to HRP/PAN-PNMThH (–0.2 V) [31], ERGO/GCE (–0.2 V) [32] Hb/NGP (0.2 V) [20], but higher than those involving Hb/c-MWCNT (–0.365 V) [24] Hb/collagen microbelt (–0.38 V) [21], Hb/Ag sol films/GCE (–0.40 V) [22], GRCAPS/HRP/ITO (–0.45 V) [30], DNA–Hb/Au (–0.75V) [25], and lower than TTP/SPCE (–0.1V) [34], DP-AuNP/HRP/GCE (–0.05 V) [29], PtNPs/RGO/CS/Fc (–0.05 V) [28] Hb/AuNPs/L-cys/ p -ABSA/Pt disk (0.1 V) [23], PtRu/3DGF (0.2 V) [36], Cytc/NiONPs/c-MWCNT/PANI/Au (0.28 V) [37], GPtNPs (0.45 V) [35]. The biosensor showed optimum current at pH 6.5 in 0.1 M sodium PB (Figure 5a), which is similar to that of biosensor based on Cytc/NiONPs/c-MWCNT/PANI/Au [37] but lower than those involving Hb/NGP (pH 7.0) [20], Hb/collagen microbelt (pH 7.0) [21], Hb/Ag sol films/GCE (7.0) [22], Hb/AuNPs/L-cys/ p -ABSA/Pt disk (pH 7.0) [23], Hb/collagen-MWCNT (7.0) [24], DP-AuNP/HRP/GCE (7.0) [29], GRCAPS/HRP/ITO (7.0) [30], ERGO/GCE (7.0) [32], TTP/SPCE (7.0) [34], PtRu/3DGF (7.4) [36] and higher than HRP/PAN-PNMThH (6.0) [31], TMB/HRP/PDMS/TEOS/SiO 2 NPs (5.0) [33] and DNA–Hb/Au (5.0) [25].…”

“…The covalent immobilization of HbNPs on to AuE in the construction of H 2 O 2 biosensor has resulted into its better analytical performance in terms of lower working potential (–0.2 V), which is similar to HRP/PAN-PNMThH (–0.2 V) [31], ERGO/GCE (–0.2 V) [32] Hb/NGP (0.2 V) [20], but higher than those involving Hb/c-MWCNT (–0.365 V) [24] Hb/Collagen microbelt (–0.38 V) [21], Hb/Ag sol films/GCE (–0.40 V) [22], GRCAPS/HRP/ITO (–0.45 V) [30], DNA–Hb/Au (–0.75 V) [25], and lower than TTP/SPCE (–0.1 V) [34], DP-AuNP/HRP/GCE (–0.05 V) [29], PtNPs/RGO/CS/Fc (–0.05 V) [28] Hb/AuNPs/L-cys/ p -ABSA/Pt disk (0.1 V) [23], PtRu/3DGF (0.2 V) [36], Cytc/NiONPs/c-MWCNT/PANI/Au (0.28 V) [37], GPtNPs (0.45 V) [35], LOD (0.0001 μM) which is also better/lower than the earlier biosensors, 8.24 μM [20], 0.91 μM [24], 0.4 μM [25], 0.37 μM [21], 0.1 μM [22], 0.07 μM [23], wider linear range (1–1200 μM) which is better than earlier biosensors, 10–150 μM [20], 10–120 μM [25], 5–30 μM [21], 0.21–31 μM [23], 1–25 μM [22], rapid response (2.5 s), and higher storage stability (90 days) compared with earlier biosensors (Supplementary Table S4). Thus, covalently bound protein NPs on to AuE could be used for the construction of other improved biosensors also.…”

“…The native Hb has been immobilized on to various types of nanocomposites for construction of H 2 O 2 biosensor such as Hb/Pluronic P123-nanographene platelet (NGP) [20], Hb/collagen microbelt [21], Hb/Ag sol films [22], Hb/AuNPs/L-Cysteine (L-cys)/ p -aminobenzene sulphonic acid ( p -ABSA)/Pt disk [24], Hb/collagen-multiwall carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNT) [24], DNA–Hb/Au [25]. The various supports used for the H 2 O 2 biosensors are: platinum nanoparticles (NPs) (PtNPs)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/chitosan (CS)/ferrocene (Fc) [28], self-assembled dipeptide (DP)-gold NPs (AuNPs)/HRP/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [29], graphene capsules (GRCAPS)/HRP/indium tin oxide (ITO) [30], HRP/poly(aniline-co-N-methyllanthionine) (PAN-PNMThH) [31], electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)/GCE [32], 3,3′,5,5′-teramethylbencidine (TMB)/HRP/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)/silicon oxide NPs (SiO 2 NPs) [33], turnip tissue paper (TTP)/SPCE [34], GPtNPs [35], PtRu/3DGF [36], cytochrome c (Cytc)/nickel oxide nanaoparticles (NiONPs)/c-MWCNT/polyaniline (PANI)/Au [37]. However, these methods involve the complex strategies for construction of working electrode and have poor detection limit and narrow linear range.…”

Performance-Enhanced Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Graphene-Heterostructure

“…As such, several technologies have been investigated to develop the electrochemical reactionbased electrode surfaces in non-enzymatic glucometers including carbon-based materials (e.g. graphene, rGO, and CNT) [14], [15], which due to their remarkable electrical and physical/chemical properties, they have been widely investigated as electrochemical electrodes in various electrochemical biosensor applications [16], [17] Accordingly, in this work, we have investigated and optimized the physio/chemical performance of a novel graphene/PtO/n-Si heterostructured electrode for non-enzymatic glucose biosensors with the primary objective of enhancing the linear detection range and reducing the interference between glucose and other chemicals in the whole blood in order to enhance selectivity. The critical challenge in this research is to achieve high selectivity, which maintaining, wide linear range and low detection limit; this is carried out by optimizing the G/PtO film thickness and enhancing their interface.…”