Non-electrolytic synthesis of copper oxide/carbon nanocomposite by surface plasma in super-dehydrated ethanol

Kozak, Dmytro; Sergiienko, Ruslan; Shibata, Etsuro; Iizuka, Atsushi; Nakamura, Takashi

doi:10.1038/srep21178

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The Auger peaks were observed due to the incorporation of Cu into the matrix of ZnTe thin films. Another prominent peak at 569.87 eV were noticed and corresponded to Cu +1 species as reported in the literature [29,30]. Similarly, we found Zn LMM Auger peak [31] at position 579.60 eV in Cu-doped ZnTe thin film samples.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Pronounced Impact of p-Type Carriers and Reduction of Bandgap in Semiconducting ZnTe Thin Films by Cu Doping for Intermediate Buffer Layer in Heterojunction Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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Stabilized un-doped Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) thin films were grown on glass substrates under vacuum using a closed space sublimation (CSS) technique. A dilute copper nitrate solution (0.1/100 mL) was prepared for copper doping, known as an ion exchange process, in the matrix of the ZnTe thin film. The reproducible polycrystalline cubic structure of undoped and the Cu doped ZnTe thin films with preferred orientation (111) was confirmed by X-rays diffraction (XRD) technique. Lattice parameter analyses verified the expansion of unit cell volume after incorporation of Cu species into ZnTe thin films samples. The micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to measure the variation in crystal sizes of samples. The energy dispersive X-rays were used to validate the elemental composition of undoped and Cu-doped ZnTe thin films. The bandgap energy 2.24 eV of the ZnTe thin film decreased after doping Cu to 2.20 eV and may be due to the introduction of acceptors states near to valance band. Optical studies showed that refractive index was measured from 2.18 to 3.24, whereas thicknesses varied between 220 nm to 320 nm for un-doped and Cu doped ZnTe thin film, respectively, using the Swanepoel model. The oxidation states of Zn2+, Te2+, and Cu+ through high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses was observed. The resistivity of thin films changed from ~107 Ω·cm or undoped ZnTe to ~1 Ω·cm for Cu-doped ZnTe thin film, whereas p-type carrier concentration increased from 4 × 109 cm−2 to 1.4 × 1011 cm−2, respectively. These results predicted that Cu-doped ZnTe thin film can be used as an ideal, efficient, and stable intermediate layer between metallic and absorber back contact for the heterojunction thin film solar cell technology.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Pronounced Impact of p-Type Carriers and Reduction of Bandgap in Semiconducting ZnTe Thin Films by Cu Doping for Intermediate Buffer Layer in Heterojunction Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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“…The distinguishable intense peaks of Cu nanoparticles appeared in the EDAX spectrum at approximately 1 and 8 keV confirms the formation of Cu nanoparticles. Similar peaks for Cu nanoparticles in EDAX spectra have been observed by other researchers [25,26,27]. From this discussion, it is understood that morphological (SEM and EDAX) study is significant for nanoparticle characterization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Morphological and Optical Characteristics of Chitosan(1−x):Cuox (4 ≤ x ≤ 12) Based Polymer Nano-Composites: Optical Dielectric Loss as an Alternative Method for Tauc’s Model

Aziz

2017

Nanomaterials

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In this work, copper (Cu) nanoparticles with observable surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peaks were synthesized by an in-situ method. Chitosan host polymer was used as a reduction medium and a capping agent for the Cu nanoparticles. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated through the use of scanning electron micrograph (SEM) technique. Copper nanoparticles appeared as chains and white specks in the SEM images. The strong peaks due to the Cu element observed in the spectrum of energy dispersive analysis of X-rays. For the nanocomposite samples, obvious peaks due to the SPR phenomena were obtained in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra. The effect of Cu nanoparticles on the host band gap was understood from absorption edges shifting of absorption edges to lower photon energy. The optical dielectric loss parameter obtained from the measurable quantities was used as an alternative method to study the band structure of the samples. Quantum mechanical models drawbacks, in the study of band gap, were explained based on the optical dielectric loss. A clear dispersion region was able to be observed in refractive indices spectra of the composite samples. A linear relationship with a regression value of 0.99 was achieved between the refractive index and volume fractions of CuI content. Cu nanoparticles with various sizes and homogenous dispersions were also determined from transmission electron microscope (TEM) images.

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“…Figure c clearly highlights the existence of atomic fringes indicating a crystalline structure. The d‐spacing, determined by fast Fourier transform (FFT) was within 0.20–0.21 nm (e.g., see Figure c.I,II), which corresponds to the CuO (201) and CuO (012) plane . Also, corresponding selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) is displayed in Figure S2 in Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, hybrid plasma‐liquid systems are producing important contributions to nanomaterial synthesis and surface treatment . In particular, hybrid plasma‐liquid approaches have been used to produce various Cu and Cu‐oxide nanostructures, often leading to mixed phases . In all these cases, the synthesis conditions have differed dramatically in terms of precursors, solution compositions, and plasma configurations/coupling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, solutions have been made in some cases by adding the K 2 CO 3 or citrate buffer or NaCl in water . Super dehydrated ethanol was also employed as an electrolyte for etching the copper electrode under argon gas atmosphere and resulted in Cu 2 O/CuO‐carbon nanocomposites. Plasmas generated at the surface or within the solution have been used, drastically changing the impact of physical and chemical phenomena.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra‐small CuO nanoparticles with tailored energy‐band diagram synthesized by a hybrid plasma‐liquid process

Velusamy

Liguori

Macías-Montero

et al. 2017

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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CuO is a versatile p-type material for energy applications capable of imparting diverse functionalities by manipulating its band-energy diagram. We present ultrasmall quantum confined cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized via a simple one-step environmentally friendly atmospheric pressure microplasma synthesis process. The proposed method, based on the use of a hybrid plasma-liquid cell, enables the synthesis of CuO NPs directly from solid metal copper in ethanol with neither surfactants nor reducing agents. CuO NPs films are then used for the first time in all-inorganic third generation solar cell devices demonstrating highly effective functionalities as blocking layer. K E Y W O R D Sband structure, cupric oxide quantum dots, one step-green synthesis, quantum dots/inorganic solar cells | INTRODUCTIONTransition metal oxides, due to their inertness, stability, raw material abundance, and low-cost, are highly desirable materials for many applications, for example, solar cells, supercapacitors, light emitting diodes, photodetectors, field effect transistors, batteries and bio and gas sensors, among others. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Furthermore, as with other materials, at the nanoscale, metal-oxides can present interesting, important and tunable size-dependent optoelectronic properties. [7,11,12] Metal-oxides are generally characterized by very wide bandgaps, whereas CuO is a p-type low bandgap (∼1.2 eV in bulk form) and nontoxic material. [13][14][15][16][17][18] The possibility of manipulating the CuO bandgap, through quantum confinement, from 1.2 (bulk) to >2 eV [13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] is an exciting opportunity as it would make CuO a highly versatile and attractive material for a range ofThe copyright line for this article was changed on 20 April, 2017 after original online publication.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. applications; for instance, it would be possible to use CuO nanoparticles with tunable properties as absorber or transport/ blocking layers in photovoltaic devices.Various physical, chemical, and physicochemical techniques have been employed for synthesizing CuO nanostructures with varying size and shape. [16,18,20,23,24] However, these techniques suffer from numerous disadvantages including complex and time consuming steps, high temperatures, inert atmosphere, expensive source materials, toxic organic solvents, and surfactants. [23,25,26] Furthermore, the control of the resulting morphology, crystallinity, and agglomeration of the nanostructures is a significant challenge which demands additional cleaning steps to remove undesired by-products and chemical impurities or residues. [23,[26][27][28][29] The presence of surfactant or ligand chemistries is essential for minimizing particle coalescence and agglomeration during standard colloid synthesis; however, such chemistries impact significantly on the res...

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Non-electrolytic synthesis of copper oxide/carbon nanocomposite by surface plasma in super-dehydrated ethanol

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Pronounced Impact of p-Type Carriers and Reduction of Bandgap in Semiconducting ZnTe Thin Films by Cu Doping for Intermediate Buffer Layer in Heterojunction Solar Cells

Pronounced Impact of p-Type Carriers and Reduction of Bandgap in Semiconducting ZnTe Thin Films by Cu Doping for Intermediate Buffer Layer in Heterojunction Solar Cells

Morphological and Optical Characteristics of Chitosan(1−x):Cuox (4 ≤ x ≤ 12) Based Polymer Nano-Composites: Optical Dielectric Loss as an Alternative Method for Tauc’s Model

Ultra‐small CuO nanoparticles with tailored energy‐band diagram synthesized by a hybrid plasma‐liquid process

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