Non Edible Oil-Based Epoxy Resins from Jatropha Oil and Their Shape Memory Behaviors

Abstract

The use of bio-based polymers in place of conventional polymers gives positives effects in the sense of reduction of environmental impacts and the offsetting of petroleum consumption. As such, in this study, jatropha oil was used to prepare epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO) by the epoxidation method. The EJO was used to prepare a shape memory polymer (SMP) by mixing it with the curing agent 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHPA) and a tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) catalyst. The resulting bio-based polymer is slightly transparent and brown in color. It has soft and flexible properties resulting from the aliphatic chain in jatropha oil. The functionality of SMP was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The thermal behavior of the SMP was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and it showed that the samples were thermally stable up to 150 °C. Moreover, the glass transition temperature characteristic was obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The shape memory recovery behavior was investigated. Overall, EJO/MHPA was prepared by a relatively simple method and showed good shape recovery properties.

Thermo-Responsive Shape-Memory Dual-Cured Polymers Based on Vegetable Oils

“…Sodium chloride (99.9%), sodium sulfate, Generally, vegetable oil-based polymers have advantages such as a reduced carbon footprint, flexibility and elasticity, thermal stability, adhesiveness, low toxicity, biodegradability, and diverse applications [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Non-edible oil-based polymers are useful in a shape-memory application due to chain flexibility and changeable cross-linking density [35]. AESO and ELO were already applied in dual curing with thiol monomers [36,37], and ECO was already used for the synthesis of vitrimers with 4-aminophenyl disulfide [38], but the shape-memory properties of the resulting polymers were not yet examined to the best of our knowledge.…”

Catalyst-free synthesis of low-temperature thermally actuated shape memory polyurethanes with modified biobased plasticizers

“…However, environmental concerns and exhausted petroleum reserves have shifted the focus to SMPUs with biobased origin rather than petrochemical origin. 18 Currently, vegetable oils like soyabean oil, 19 castor oil, 20 sunflower oil, 21 jatropha oil 22 and palm kernel oil, 23 are the most common source for bio-based SMPUs (bio-SMPUs), but slow curing, 24 catalytic constraint 25,26 and reduced elastic strength 27–29 has limited their applications in comparison to petrochemical based SMPUs. This is because the micro-phase separation of PU is negatively impacted by the lengthy dangling chains present in vegetable oil polyols (PUs).…”