Non-Discriminant Relationships between Leg Muscle Strength, Mass and Gait Performance in Healthy Young and Old Adults

Muehlbauer, Thomas; Granacher, Urs; Borde, Ron; Hortobágyi, Tibor

doi:10.1159/000480150

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…In other words, possessing high TFS may not be an advantage for individuals with neutral feet to walk faster, as there is no abnormal walking biomechanics to compensate for. As a general observation, hip extension [35] and hip abduction [36] strength are associated with comfortable walking speed in older adults. In addition, it has been shown that older adults produce net positive work more at the hip joint than at the ankle joint during walking [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

Kusagawa

Kurihara

Imai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Older adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women. Methods Seventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). On the basis of the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-second chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group. Results TFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = -0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = -0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-second chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08). Conclusions The present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

Kusagawa

Kurihara

Imai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This suggests that muscle weakness is not significantly related to a decrease in muscle reaction velocity; rather, muscle weakness is associated with a decrease in muscle mass seen in older people, especially in women who are postmenopausal [ 18 ]. In addition, not only the trunk muscles but also the muscles of the lower extremities at the ankles, knees, and hips are used to maintain balance [ 19 , 20 ]. Lower extremity muscle weakness is related to motor conduction velocity or compound motor action potential amplitude [ 21 ], and a decrease in the reaction time of the lower extremity muscles may be associated with a high fall rate in older adult people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Time of Lower Trunk Muscles during Dynamic Postural Control in Response to a Sudden Visual Stimulus during Walking: A Pilot Study

Jung

Kim

Choi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Postural control during walking is maintained by the combination of various factors. Among these factors, adjustment of trunk movement is essential for maintaining postural control, and the response of muscles to unpredictable stimuli affects postural control. Loss of balance while walking increases the risk of accidents, the frequency of which depends on age and sex. In this study, we investigated whether there was a difference in the movement time of trunk muscles to sudden stimulation while walking according to age and sex. Fourteen healthy individuals aged 20–30 years (6 men, 8 women) and 12 individuals aged 50–70 years (4 men, 8 women) were included in the study. Movement time of bilateral erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscles in response to visual stimulation during walking was examined using surface electromyography. Movement time was calculated as the total muscle activation time excluding the reaction time. This study revealed no significant differences in movement time of the erector spinae muscles according to sex or age. The role of the rectus abdominis muscles in maintaining posture during walking was insignificant. In conclusion, the movement time of trunk muscles in response to sudden visual stimulation during walking did not differ by age or sex, and the difference in accident frequency may be associated with deterioration of other factors required to maintain posture.

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“…In older adults with functional limitations, previous studies have found that neither muscle strength nor power in the lower extremities were correlated with walking distance [38]. In older adults with high activity, another study reported that leg muscle strength and leg lean tissue mass are not outcomes for predicting mobility, because both are similarly weakly correlated with gait performance [39]. The results of the aforementioned studies likely differed from ours due to differences in methodology (short-term interventions and correlation coefficients analysis vs. machine learning).…”

Section: The Most Related Domain Of Functioning Assessment Is Body Fumentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Compared to cardiorespiratory fitness, knee muscle torque is significantly associated with overall physical activity, postural transitioning, walking, and stair climbing [27]. Similarly, it is conceivable that the relationship between gait performance and leg muscle strength is stronger than that between gait performance and leg muscle mass [39]. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People suggests a conceptual staging that includes presarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia.…”

Section: The Most Related Domain Of Functioning Assessment Is Body Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Using machine learning to investigate the relationship between domains of functioning and functional mobility in older adults

et al. 2021

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Previous studies have shown that functional mobility, along with other physical functions, decreases with advanced age. However, it is still unclear which domains of functioning (body structures, body functions, and activities) are most closely related to functional mobility. This study used machine learning classification to predict the rankings of Timed Up and Go tests based on the results of four assessments (soft lean mass, FEV1/FVC, knee extension torque, and one-leg standing time). We tested whether assessment results for each level could predict functional mobility assessments in older adults. Using support vector machines for machine learning classification, we verified that the four assessments of each level could classify functional mobility. Knee extension torque (from the body function domain) was the most closely related assessment. Naturally, the classification accuracy rate increased with a larger number of assessments as explanatory variables. However, knee extension torque remained the highest of all assessments. This extended to all combinations (of 2–3 assessments) that included knee extension torque. This suggests that resistance training may help protect individuals suffering from age-related declines in functional mobility.

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Non-Discriminant Relationships between Leg Muscle Strength, Mass and Gait Performance in Healthy Young and Old Adults

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

Movement Time of Lower Trunk Muscles during Dynamic Postural Control in Response to a Sudden Visual Stimulus during Walking: A Pilot Study

Using machine learning to investigate the relationship between domains of functioning and functional mobility in older adults

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