Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species: an emerging respiratory pathogen

Díez-Aguilar, María; Ruíz-Garbajosa, Patricia; Fernández-Olmos, Ana; Guisado, P.; Campo, Rosa del; Quereda, Carmen; Cantón, Rafael; Meseguer, María Antonia

doi:10.1007/s10096-012-1805-5

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results indicated that GPB, such as streptococci and Corynebacterium species, and anaerobes should be considered in addition to GNB in the pathogenesis of HAP. The predominant phylotypes of Corynebacterium species were commonly detected (11.8%) compared to the previous report in this study (Enne et al 2014), but the pathogenesis of Corynebacterium species (other than Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum) in patients with pneumonia remains controversial (Renom et al 2007;Nhan et al 2012;Díez-Aguilar et al 2013). We previously reported that a total bacterial cell count of > 10 4 cells/mL in BALF specimens is a useful criterion for diagnosing respiratory bacterial infection (Yamasaki et al 2013), and all cases with positive PCR results fulfilled this criterion in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Determining the Possible Etiology of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Using a Clone Library Analysis in Japan

Yatera

Noguchi

Yamasaki

et al. 2017

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Obtaining precise etiological information regarding causative bacteria is important for the proper use of antimicrobials in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), which is associated with a high rate of mortality. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the bacterial diversity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in Japanese patients with HAP by the clone library method using the 16S rRNA gene. This study included Japanese patients with HAP who were treated at our hospital and referring hospitals. BALF specimens were obtained from pneumonia lesions identified on chest radiographs and/or computed tomography. Sputum specimens were also evaluated in patients with sputum production. Sixty-eight patients were ultimately enrolled. BALF cultivation revealed bacterial positivity in 53 of 68 (77.9%) patients, and Staphylococcus aureus (30.9%) was the most frequently isolated, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.2%), and Escherichia coli (10.3%). In contrast, the clone library analysis identified the presence of some bacterial phenotype in 65 of 68 (95.6%) patients, and streptococci (16.2%), Corynebacterium species (11.8%), anaerobes (10.3%) were frequently detected as the predominant phylotypes. Both methods tended to detect S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E. coli in patients with late-onset pneumonia. In addition, the cases that phylotypes of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were found to account for > 5% of the bacterial flora of each case were 42.9% and 72.7%, respectively. These results indicate that attention should be paid to the roles of gram-positive bacilli such as streptococci, Corynebacterium species and anaerobes, in addition to Gram-negative bacilli, in the pathogenesis of HAP.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Determining the Possible Etiology of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Using a Clone Library Analysis in Japan

Yatera

Noguchi

Yamasaki

et al. 2017

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Corynebacterium spp. are uncommon but well-documented causes of respiratory infection (20), and our findings raise the possibility that they and other pharynx-associated microbes may be underappreciated as respiratory pathogens due to occasional misdesignation as oral flora in respiratory cultures.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 70%

Analysis of Culture-Dependent versus Culture-Independent Techniques for Identification of Bacteria in Clinically Obtained Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

et al. 2014

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The diagnosis and management of pneumonia are limited by the use of culture-based techniques of microbial identification, which may fail to identify unculturable, fastidious, and metabolically active viable but unculturable bacteria. Novel highthroughput culture-independent techniques hold promise but have not been systematically compared to conventional culture. We analyzed 46 clinically obtained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic lung transplant recipients both by culture (using a clinical microbiology laboratory protocol) and by bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Bacteria were identified in 44 of 46 (95.7%) BAL fluid specimens by culture-independent sequencing, significantly more than the number of specimens in which bacteria were detected (37 of 46, 80.4%, P < 0.05) or "pathogen" species reported (18 of 46, 39.1%, P < 0.0001) via culture. Identification of bacteria by culture was positively associated with culture-independent indices of infection (total bacterial DNA burden and low bacterial community diversity) (P < 0.01). In BAL fluid specimens with no culture growth, the amount of bacterial DNA was greater than that in reagent and rinse controls, and communities were markedly dominated by select Gammaproteobacteria, notably Escherichia species and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Culture growth above the threshold of 10 4 CFU/ml was correlated with increased bacterial DNA burden (P < 0.01), decreased community diversity (P < 0.05), and increased relative abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.001). We present two case studies in which culture-independent techniques identified a respiratory pathogen missed by culture and clarified whether a cultured "oral flora" species represented a state of acute infection. In summary, we found that bacterial culture of BAL fluid is largely effective in discriminating acute infection from its absence and identified some specific limitations of BAL fluid culture in the diagnosis of pneumonia. We report the first correlation of quantitative BAL fluid culture results with culture-independent evidence of infection. Pneumonia remains a leading cause of death in the United States (1), and respiratory infections are responsible for a greater global burden of disease than malignancy, ischemic heart disease, or diabetes mellitus (2). The diagnosis and management of pneumonia are limited by the use of conventional culturebased techniques (3). In recent years, novel culture-independent techniques of microbial identification have revealed that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens contain diverse communities of bacteria previously undetected via culture-based approaches (4-6). These techniques, while promising, have not been systematically compared to conventional culture-based approaches, including quantitative BAL fluid cultures (7).In this study, we compared conventional BAL fluid cultures (which were optimized to identify acute infection) with a culture-independent research technique, pyrosequencing (which is designed to identi...

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“…MALDI-TOF MS was also utilized as the primary mechanism for definitive species-level identification of uncommonly encountered corynebacterial isolates (135). As databases become better populated and more refined, studies such as these will play an important role in both pathogen detection and the identification of novel emerging pathogens, particularly for groups of often overlooked organisms, such as the corynebacteria.…”

Section: Corynebacterium Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry: a Fundamental Shift in the Routine Practice of Clinical Microbiology

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Within the past decade, clinical microbiology laboratories experienced revolutionary changes in the way in which microorganisms are identified, moving away from slow, traditional microbial identification algorithms toward rapid molecular methods and mass spectrometry (MS). Historically, MS was clinically utilized as a high-complexity method adapted for protein-centered analysis of samples in chemistry and hematology laboratories. Today, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS is adapted for use in microbiology laboratories, where it serves as a paradigm-shifting, rapid, and robust method for accurate microbial identification. Multiple instrument platforms, marketed by well-established manufacturers, are beginning to displace automated phenotypic identification instruments and in some cases genetic sequence-based identification practices. This review summarizes the current position of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical research and in diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratories and serves as a primer to examine the “nuts and bolts” of MALDI-TOF MS, highlighting research associated with sample preparation, spectral analysis, and accuracy. Currently available MALDI-TOF MS hardware and software platforms that support the use of MALDI-TOF with direct and precultured specimens and integration of the technology into the laboratory workflow are also discussed. Finally, this review closes with a prospective view of the future of MALDI-TOF MS in the clinical microbiology laboratory to accelerate diagnosis and microbial identification to improve patient care.

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Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species: an emerging respiratory pathogen

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Determining the Possible Etiology of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Using a Clone Library Analysis in Japan

Determining the Possible Etiology of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Using a Clone Library Analysis in Japan

Analysis of Culture-Dependent versus Culture-Independent Techniques for Identification of Bacteria in Clinically Obtained Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry: a Fundamental Shift in the Routine Practice of Clinical Microbiology

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