Non‐digestible oligosaccharides modulate intestinal immune activation and suppress cow's milk allergic symptoms

Kerperien, JoAnn; Jeurink, Prescilla V.; Wehkamp, Tjalling; Veer, Arian van der; Kant, H J G van de; Hofman, Gerard A.; Esch, Betty C.A.M. van; Garssen, Johan; Willemsen, Linette E. M.; Knippels, L.M.J.

doi:10.1111/pai.12311

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Some studies have suggested that the increase in intestinal IgA could be the mechanism of action of FM (26) , but our results do not agree with that suggestion because intestinal IgA levels in the FM group were similar to those found in the RV group. On the other hand, the GFA diet's results suggest an enhancement in the early response as shown in intestinal IgA, which agrees with other studies showing that GFA activated the immune response (17)(18)(19)(20)(21) , and allows us to hypothesise that these antibodies may solve the infection rapidly, with fewer antibodies needed later on. This early increase in intestinal anti-RV IgA synthesis seems to have been enough to fight against the virus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A fermented milk concentrate and a combination of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides/pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides protect suckling rats from rotavirus gastroenteritis

et al. 2017

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Human milk contains bioactive compounds that confer a protective role against gastrointestinal infections. In order to find supplements for an infant formula able to mimic these benefits of breast-feeding, two different concepts were tested. The products consisted of the following: (1) a Bifidobacterium breve- and Streptococcus thermophilus-fermented formula and (2) a combination of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides with pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides. A rotavirus infection suckling rat model was used to evaluate improvements in the infectious process and in the immune response of supplemented animals. Both nutritional concepts caused amelioration of the clinical symptoms, even though this was sometimes hidden by softer stool consistency in the supplemented groups. Both products also showed certain modulation of immune response, which seemed to be enhanced earlier and was accompanied by a faster resolution of the process. The viral shedding and the in vitro blocking assay suggest that these products are able to bind the viral particles, which can result in a milder infection. In conclusion, both concepts evaluated in this study showed interesting protective properties against rotavirus infection, which deserve to be investigated further.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A fermented milk concentrate and a combination of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides/pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides protect suckling rats from rotavirus gastroenteritis

et al. 2017

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“…Unlike a variety of immunotherapy approaches that are frequent topics of immunological research, the specific synbiotic combination of non‐digestible oligosaccharides and B. breve M‐16V that was used in this study does not contain the allergen in any (modified) form or dose, but demonstrated potency to reduce an established allergic response. Similar effects were observed previously in a preventive setting, when dietary intervention was initiated before allergic sensitization .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Post‐sensitization administration of non‐digestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V reduces allergic symptoms in mice

Esch

Abbring

Diks

et al. 2016

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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To support dietary management of severe cow's milk allergic infants, a synbiotic mixture of non‐digestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V (B. breve) was designed from source materials that are completely cow's milk‐free. It was investigated whether this specific synbiotic concept can reduce an established food allergic response in a research model for hen's egg allergy. Mice were orally sensitized once a week for 5 weeks to ovalbumin (OVA) using cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. Non‐sensitized mice received CT in PBS only. Sensitized mice were fed a control diet or a diet enriched with short‐chain‐ (scFOS) and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS), B. breve or scFOSlcFOS + B. breve for 3 weeks starting after the last sensitization. Non‐sensitized mice received the control diet. Anaphylactic shock symptoms, acute allergic skin responses and serum specific IgE, mMCP‐1 and galectin‐9 were measured upon OVA challenge. Activated Th2‐, Th1‐cells and regulatory T‐cells were quantified in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and cytokine profiles were analyzed. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in ceacal samples. The acute allergic skin response was reduced in mice fed the scFOSlcFOS + B. breve diet compared to mice fed any of the other diets. A reduction in mast cell degranulation (mMCP‐1) and anaphylactic shock symptoms was also observed in these mice. Unstimulated splenocyte cultures produced increased levels of IL10 and IFNg in mice fed the scFOSlcFOS + B. breve diet. Correspondingly, increased percentages of activated Th1 cells were observed in the spleen. Allergen‐specific re‐stimulation of splenocytes showed a decrease in IL5 production. In summary; post‐sensitization administration of scFOSlcFOS + B. breve was effective in reducing allergic symptoms after allergen challenge. These effects coincided with changes in regulatory and effector T‐cell subsets and increases in the SCFA propionic acid. These results suggest immune modulatory benefits of dietary intervention with a unique combination of scFOSlcFOS + B. breve in established food allergy. Whether these effects translate to human applications is subject for ongoing clinical studies.

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“…Most studies have focused on non-starch poly-and oligosaccharides [42,43] and demonstrated beneficial effects in a diversity of diseases, such as Alzheimer, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular disease [44][45][46]. Non-starch polysaccharides, particularly β-glucans have been demonstrated to become directly exposed to and potentiate innate immune cells in the small intestine through direct exposure to cells [47] or, alternatively, reduce unwanted colonic inflammation following microbiotamediated fermentation into short-chain fatty acid [48,49]. These fatty acids could function as bioactive compounds and exert a beneficial action on specific intestinal bacteria linked to anti-inflammatory effects.…”

Section: β-Glucans Stimulate Innate Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of β-glucans to spice up T cell treatment of tumors: a review

Graaff

Govers

Wichers

et al. 2018

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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Adoptive T-cell treatments of solid cancers have evolved into a robust therapy with objective response rates surpassing those of standardized treatments. Unfortunately, only a limited fraction of patients shows durable responses, which is considered to be due to a T cell-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we argue that naturally occurring β-glucans can enable reversion of such T cell suppression by engaging innate immune cells and enhancing numbers and function of lymphocyte effectors. Areas covered: This review summarizes timely reports with respect to absorption, trafficking and immune stimulatory effects of β-glucans, particularly in relation to innate immune cells. Furthermore, we list effects toward well-being and immune functions in healthy subjects as well as cancer patients treated with orally administered β-glucans, extended with effects of β-glucan treatments in mouse cancer models. Expert opinion: Beta-glucans, when present in food and following uptake in the proximal gut, stimulate immune cells present in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and initiate highly conserved pro-inflammatory pathways. When tested in mouse cancer models, β-glucans result in better control of tumor growth and shift the TME toward a T cell-sensitive environment. Along these lines, we advocate that intake of β-glucans provides an accessible and immune-potentiating adjuvant when combined with adoptive T-cell treatments of cancer.

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Non‐digestible oligosaccharides modulate intestinal immune activation and suppress cow's milk allergic symptoms

Abstract: Dietary supplementation with scGOS/lcFOS or scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS during sensitization, both effectively reduce allergic symptoms but differentially affect mucosal immune activation in whey-sensitized mice.

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

A fermented milk concentrate and a combination of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides/pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides protect suckling rats from rotavirus gastroenteritis

A fermented milk concentrate and a combination of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides/pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides protect suckling rats from rotavirus gastroenteritis

Post‐sensitization administration of non‐digestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V reduces allergic symptoms in mice

Consumption of β-glucans to spice up T cell treatment of tumors: a review

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