Non-destructive techniques for the detection of sigma phase in duplex stainless steel: A comprehensive review

Biezma, M. V.; Martin, Ulises; Linhardt, P.; Ress, Jacob; Rodríguez, Celestino; Bastidas, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105227

Cited by 50 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…Back scattered Imaging in scanning electron microscopy is very effective for identifying the different phases due to the chemistry difference contrast in each phase [31]. Recently, Non-destructive techniques for detecting the sigma phase are going on, and by using Eddy current, ultrasonic sound, and electrochemical methods, sigma can be accurately detected [32]. This technology will be useful for metal production as well as fabricators.…”

Section: Effect Of Chemical Composition In Dssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Manufacturability of Duplex Stainless Steel: A Review

Patra

Agrawal²,

Mandal

et al. 2021

Trans Indian Inst Met

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Duplex stainless steels (DSS) have been growing continuously as they are cost effective alternative to austenitic stainless steel with better mechanical and corrosion resistance. Duplex stainless steel compositions are expanding in both directions towards leaner and richer chemistry for popular as well as very critical applications. The strength of DSS is its high yield strength compared to popular austenitic series and corrosion resistance particularly pitting and chloride stress corrosion cracking. Challenges of DSS remain in the embrittlement phase formation during the manufacturing of highly alloyed DSS, hot cracking and formability of the steel. Super duplex and hyper duplex steels are finding extremely critical application due to their good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance even replacing Nickel based alloys and Ti alloys in few applications. The paper reviews the characteristics and manufacturability of duplex stainless steel including recent developments.

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Section: Effect Of Chemical Composition In Dssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Manufacturability of Duplex Stainless Steel: A Review

Patra

Agrawal²,

Mandal

et al. 2021

Trans Indian Inst Met

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show abstract

“…An excellent description of the influence of heat on the presence of the sigma phase is available in the 2009 study by Garin and Mannheim [15]. The latest research confirms the possibility of testing with non-destructive techniques for the detection of the sigma phase in duplex stainless steel [16], which is difficult, however, because it requires appropriate preparation of the sample for testing. Moreover, despite the many available methods, the identification of the sigma phase in duplex steels is still a difficult issue [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of flame straightening on the properties of welded joints made of X2CrNi22-2 duplex steel

Lange

2021

Materials Science-Poland

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The study investigates the optimal conditions associated with flame straightening of welded joints in duplex steel grade X2CrNi22-2. The research aimed to assess the influence of heat, applied during flame straightening of welded structures in X2CrNi22-2 grade steel, on the properties of the welded joints. Based on the macroscopic, microscopic, and strength tests conducted on welding joints in X2CrNiN22-2-grade duplex steel that have been subjected to flame straightening, it was ascertained that post-welding flame straightening of this grade of steel, at a treatment temperature of 730°C, should not take place for >1 min. The temperature of 730°C has been chosen as a reference because of the assumption that the welded joints are heated to the temperature of 700–730°C during straightening with an acetylene-oxygen flame. The paper scrutinizes the questions of (i) what changes occur in the welded joints as a result of flame straightening carried out in this temperature range and (ii) what impact those changes have on the joint strength. The results of our study indicate that the duration of post-welding flame straightening of X2CrNiN22-2-grade duplex steel, at a treatment temperature of 730°C, should not exceed 1 min.

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“…An extensive review of nondestructive evaluation methods to characterize the possible deleterious phases present at these stainless steel families was recently published by Biezma et al 9 , pointing out to its important when evaluating the performance of DSS and SDSS parts and equipment in order to avoid premature failure at service.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Microstructural Characterization of Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Welded Joints by Double Loop Electrochemical Polarization Reactivation Portable Test

et al. 2022

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Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are alloys with controlled additions of Cr, Ni, Mo and N which, after a suitable thermomechanical treatment, results in a balanced microstructure with similar proportions of ferrite (δ) and austenite (γ). Thus, it is possible to obtain good combinations of high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance through microstructural refinement, which also leads to a relatively good Pitting Resistance Equivalent value (PRE) at both phases. However, inadequate heat treatment and/or welding processes might result in the precipitation of deleterious phases, leading to poor mechanical properties and/or corrosion resistance. In this sense, the use of non-destructive microstructural characterization techniques becomes a valuable resource to access such alterations. Therefore, this work evaluates the precipitation of deleterious phase's in welded thermal aged joints by portable Double Loop Electrochemical Polarization Reactivation (DL-EPR) taking into account a preliminary metallographic replica characterization. The results show that the proposed portable method can detect even a small percentage of deleterious phases, in addition to having a strong potential to be a non-destructive microstructural characterization technique.

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Non-destructive techniques for the detection of sigma phase in duplex stainless steel: A comprehensive review

Cited by 50 publications

References 224 publications

Characteristics and Manufacturability of Duplex Stainless Steel: A Review

Characteristics and Manufacturability of Duplex Stainless Steel: A Review

Influence of flame straightening on the properties of welded joints made of X2CrNi22-2 duplex steel

Nondestructive Microstructural Characterization of Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Welded Joints by Double Loop Electrochemical Polarization Reactivation Portable Test

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