Non-destructive Root Mapping: Exploring the Potential of GPR

Arosio, Diego; Hojat, A.; Munda, Stefano; Zanzi, Luigi

doi:10.3997/2214-4609.202071057

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…a single cassava root may reach a diameter up to 15 cm). An approach applicable but also restricted to larger roots is based on ground penetrating radar as demonstrated for tree-like roots in [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Storage Root Development of Cassava with a New Analysis Tool

et al. 2022

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Storage roots of cassava plants crops are one of the main providers of starch in many South American, African, and Asian countries. Finding varieties with high yields is crucial for growing and breeding. This requires a better understanding of the dynamics of storage root formation, which is usually done by repeated manual evaluation of root types, diameters, and their distribution in excavated roots. We introduce a newly developed method that is capable to analyze the distribution of root diameters automatically, even if root systems display strong variations in root widths and clustering in high numbers. An application study was conducted with cassava roots imaged in a video acquisition box. The root diameter distribution was quantified automatically using an iterative ridge detection approach, which can cope with a wide span of root diameters and clustering. The approach was validated with virtual root models of known geometries and then tested with a time-series of excavated root systems. Based on the retrieved diameter classes, we show plausibly that the dynamics of root type formation can be monitored qualitatively and quantitatively. We conclude that this new method reliably determines important phenotypic traits from storage root crop images. The method is fast and robustly analyses complex root systems and thereby applicable in high-throughput phenotyping and future breeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Storage Root Development of Cassava with a New Analysis Tool

et al. 2022

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“…Wherever high contrasts in the physical properties of the target and its hosting medium are expected, proper geophysical techniques can be successfully applied to provide valuable information about the subsurface conditions, e.g., [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Among different geophysical techniques, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method can provide high-resolution results in a variety of applications, e.g., [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In recent decades, GPR surveys have been increasingly used in the quarrying industry and stone production to study the depth to different layers, detect faults and fractures and monitor the defects of stones, e.g., [11,13,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Models and Laboratory Measurements to Explore the Potential of GPR for Quality Control of Marble Block Repair through Resin Injections

et al. 2022

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This work aims to analyze theoretically and with laboratory tests the sensitivity of high-frequency GPR (Ground-Penetrating Radar) to resin injections used in the building and ornamental stone industries to repair marble blocks before final slab cutting. We simulate uniform fractures in the laboratory using small regular marble blocks and we compare the results of GPR tests with the analytical model of the thin bed reflections. We performed two series of GPR surveys with a 3 GHz antenna, progressively increasing the fracture thickness from 0.25 mm to 16 mm, to analyze the results on two simulated conditions: open fracture and repaired fracture. The repaired condition was simulated by substituting the resin layer with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets because the permittivity of PVC is quite similar to the permittivity of epoxy resin. According to the analytical models, when a thin air-filled fracture is filled with resin, the received signal amplitude is expected to decrease by 33% (26% if resin is simulated with PVC). The results showed a very good match between the predictions and the real data observations when the fracture is thicker than 4 mm. Although the analytical and laboratory results show some deviations when the fracture is thinner than 4 mm, the qualitative trend of the amplitude variations is still consistent with the predictions and the 3 GHz antenna can resolve the change in the filling material down to the minimum tested thickness (0.25 mm). As a result, our findings validate the GPR method as a proper tool for nondestructive quality control of resin injections in marble fractures.

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Laboratory Tests and Field Surveys to Explore the Optimum Frequency for GPR Surveys in Detecting Qanats

Hojat

Ranjbar

Nasab

et al. 2023

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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In this paper, we discuss the results of laboratory tests and field surveys using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect qanats at the main campus of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (SBUK), Iran. The main purpose of laboratory experiments was to explore the optimum frequency of GPR surveys to detect qanats for the subsoil in the study site. We performed a variety of laboratory tests with a 3 GHz antenna to detect qanats (simulated using dielectric empty targets) hosted by sand with volumetric water content (VWC) values in the range 1.5–8%. The depth to each target was progressively increased until either approaching the edges of the sandbox or modelling a qanat depth for which GPR data could not detect the target anymore. The scaling factors were calculated for each test to estimate the maximum depth of detecting qanats as a function of the scaled GPR frequency. The results showed that in areas where the subsoil is dominated by sand, medium-frequency GPR antennas can penetrate to depths of a few tens of meters, but the penetration depth considerably decreases when the soil moisture and/or clay content of the medium increase. Based on the results of laboratory simulations, qanats are detectable at a maximum normalized depth of about 15–17 times of the wavelengths in very dry sands with VWC less than 5% while the detectable range rapidly drops down to less than 3 or 4 times of the wavelengths in more humid sands with VWC of about 8%. We also discuss the results of a few field GPR surveys that were measured using antennas with the 50 MHz and the 250 MHz frequencies in the northwestern part of the study area. The processed GPR images could detect a qanat in the position compatible with the results of previous remote sensing studies performed in the area. The depth to the detected qanat is 13.5 m, which is a little bit beyond the maximum limit predicted by the laboratory tests.

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Non-destructive Root Mapping: Exploring the Potential of GPR

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the Storage Root Development of Cassava with a New Analysis Tool

Assessing the Storage Root Development of Cassava with a New Analysis Tool

Analytical Models and Laboratory Measurements to Explore the Potential of GPR for Quality Control of Marble Block Repair through Resin Injections

Laboratory Tests and Field Surveys to Explore the Optimum Frequency for GPR Surveys in Detecting Qanats

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