Non-destructive monitoring of ethylene vinyl acetate crosslinking in PV-modules by luminescence spectroscopy

Schlothauer, Jan C.; Peter, Clea; Hirschl, Christina; Röder, Beate

doi:10.1007/s10965-017-1409-y

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[18,[22][23][24][25]. Therefore, in the past, the degradation pathway of EVA has been accurately studied and documented [26][27][28][29][30] under extreme conditions, such as damp-heat and hot air ageing [31][32], and currently, due to interest in using this material as PV encapsulants, the degradation pathway is confirmed accurately by innovative luminescent spectroscopic techniques [33][34] and accurate infrared spectroscopy analysis. [35] However, the durability and weatherability of EVA films/sheets can be significantly improved by adding appropriate additives, such as antioxidants, UV absorbers and crosslinking agents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulant polymer blend films for bifacial heterojunction photovoltaic modules: Formulation, characterization and durability

Baiamonte

Thérias

Gardette

et al. 2021

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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In this work, polymer blends based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyolefin (PO) at different weight ratios, also in the presence of a crosslinking agent (CA) and stabilizers (STAB), were investigated as potential encapsulants for PV modules. The EVA/PO blends were processed by melt mixing and then subjected to compression moulding following industrial lamination processing conditions. The EVA/PO films were characterized by mechanical tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis, and the obtained results highlight the beneficial effect of PO at low amounts on the mechanical behaviour and thermal resistance at high temperatures (>300 °C). All EVA/PO films were subjected to UVB exposure, and the photoaging extent was monitored by FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopies. Therefore, EVA-rich blends can be considered as good candidates for PV module encapsulants, given a compromise in the behaviour before and after photoaging.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulant polymer blend films for bifacial heterojunction photovoltaic modules: Formulation, characterization and durability

Baiamonte

Thérias

Gardette

et al. 2021

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…Spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy, were found to be most suitable to address this challenge due to their high chemical specificity and non‐destructive character 1,7,10–14 . However, these techniques are capable of probing only the BS surface layer and cannot provide information on the inner structure of multi‐layer BSs that are typically several hundred μm thick.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy, were found to be most suitable to address this challenge due to their high chemical specificity and non-destructive character. 1,7,[10][11][12][13][14] However, these techniques are capable of probing only the BS surface layer and cannot provide information on the inner structure of multi-layer BSs that are typically several hundred μm thick. By this reason, the investigations into structure and degradation state of multi-layer BSs using Raman, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy typically have an invasive character and need to be performed on BS cross-sections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing between different types of multi‐layered PET‐based backsheets of PV modules with near‐infrared spectroscopy

Stroyuk

Buerhop‐Lutz

Vetter

et al. 2021

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Degradation of backsheets (BSs) of commercial silicon PV modules is currently recognized as a source of reduced module performance and module failure. Monitoring of the BS state in the field is possible by using non-destructive and highly informative near-infrared absorption (NIRA) spectroscopy. Application of NIRA for the analysis of multi-layer polyethylene terephtalate (PET) based BSs, which dominate the PV module market, is challenging due to a large variety of possible BS configurations that show only small differences in NIRA spectra. In the present work, a spectroscopic tool for the structural identification of PET-based BSs is introduced. The method is based on a principal component analysis of a database of 250 representative NIRA spectra of BSs of different types. It allows a BS with an unknown structure to be assigned to one of 12 different types based solely on its NIRA spectrum. The identification was successfully validated on a test collection of 45 selected BSs and shown to be feasible for the field deployment. Further automation of NIRA measurements and spectral analysis are expected to elevate the proposed tool to the level of a nonintrusive high-throughput field analysis of the BS composition and state in operating PV module grids.multispectral Raman imaging, polyethylene terephtalate, principal component analysis, PV module backsheets, spectral characterization | INTRODUCTIONDegradation of polymer components of commercial silicon PV modules is currently recognized as one of the major factors limiting module performance and lifetime, and causing security and financial risks for the stakeholders of PV installations. [1][2][3] Typically, UV irradiation has the largest impact on polymer encapsulants of Si wafers while climatic stress (high/low temperatures, humidity) affects mostly the polymeric backsheets (BSs) designed to provide a mechanical support to solar cells as well as to insulate and protect the cells from the environmental factors. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The degradation of both encapsulant and BS can influence and accelerate each other, for example via partial BS decomposition by the products of encapsulant hydrolysis and, vice versa, via encapsulant deterioration by moisture and oxygen penetrating through a partially decomposed BS. 1,3,[5][6][7][8][9] As a result, the long-term behavior and degradation stability of PV

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“…Non-destructive measurements can be obtained by using optical metrology such as Raman spectroscopy [ 16 ], or luminescence spectroscopy [ 17 ]. Recent works have shown that these technologies are able to characterize cross-linking of coatings on solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be critical for weakly cross-linked material or materials with a low number of reactional groups. A recent work by Schlothauer et al has qualified luminescence spectroscopy as a tool for cross-linking characterization with an accuracy of 4–6% [ 17 ]. However, the method requires a large amount of averaged spectra in a point-by-point scanning fashion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Resolved Cross-Linking Characterization by Imaging Low-Coherence Interferometry

Taudt

Nelsen

Rossegger

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A method to characterize cross-linking differences in polymers such as waveguide polymers has been developed. The method is based on the scan-free information acquisition utilizing a low-coherence interferometer in conjunction with an imaging spectrometer. By the introduction of a novel analyzing algorithm, the recorded spectral-phase data was interpreted as wavelength-dependent optical thickness which is matchable with the refractive index and therefore with the degree of cross-linking. In the course of this work, the method was described in its hardware and algorithmic implementation as well as in its accuracy. Comparative measurements and error estimations showed an accuracy in the range of 10−6 in terms of the refractive index. Finally, photo-lithographically produced samples with laterally defined cross-linking differences have been characterized. It could be shown, that differences in the optical thickness of ±1.5 μm are distinguishable.

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Non-destructive monitoring of ethylene vinyl acetate crosslinking in PV-modules by luminescence spectroscopy

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Encapsulant polymer blend films for bifacial heterojunction photovoltaic modules: Formulation, characterization and durability

Encapsulant polymer blend films for bifacial heterojunction photovoltaic modules: Formulation, characterization and durability

Distinguishing between different types of multi‐layered PET‐based backsheets of PV modules with near‐infrared spectroscopy

Spatially Resolved Cross-Linking Characterization by Imaging Low-Coherence Interferometry

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