Non-destructive measurement of chloride ions concentration in concrete – A comparative analysis of limitations and prospects

Abbas, Yawar; Pargar, Farhad; Koleva, D.A.; Breugel, K. van; Olthuis, Wouter; Berg, Albert van den

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.135

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The detection and monitoring of chloride ion (Cl − ) concentration plays an important role in several aspects, including human health [130][131][132], industrial process control [133], wasted water management [134], drinking water quality control [135,136], and corrosion forecasting of RCS [137][138][139]. There are several available methods for measuring Cl − concentration, including electrochemical sensors, OFS [28,140], and Bragg's grating [141,142].…”

Section: Ofs For Chloride Ions Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cl − is one of the most important indicators for the deterioration of RCS [140,[143][144][145][146]. In the presence of a critical amount of Cl − , also known as critical chloride content, reinforcement steel suffers quick localized corrosion, forming pits -pitting corrosion.…”

Section: Ofs For Chloride Ions Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of chloride-induced corrosion, the passive film is broken locally. This process comes from the formation of oxides with Fe 2 O 3 as the main component and results in the formation of bulky corrosion products, which leads to the early formation of cracks, causing volume expansion and tensile stress in the reinforcement which in turn leads to deformations [140,153,154].…”

Section: Ofs For Chloride Ions Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

et al. 2021

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The use of advanced sensing devices for concrete and reinforced concrete structures (RCS) is considered a rational approach for the assessment of repair options and scheduling of inspection and maintenance strategies. The immediate benefits are cost reduction and a reliable prevention of unpredictable events. The use of optical fiber sensors (OFS) for such purposes has increased considerably in the last few years due to their intrinsic advantages. In most of the OFS, the chemical transducer consists of immobilized chemical reagents placed in the sensing region of the optical sensor by direct deposition or by encapsulation in a polymeric matrix. The choice of the support matrix impacts directly on the performance of the OFS. In the last two decades, the development of OFS functionalized with organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) sol–gel membranes have been reported. Sol–gel route is considered a simple method that offers several advantages when compared to traditional synthesis processes, allowing to obtain versatile materials with unique chemical and physical properties, and is particularly valuable in the design of OIH materials. This review will provide an update of the current state-of-the-art of the OFS based on OIH sol-gel materials for concrete and RCS since 2016 until mid-2021. The main achievements in the synthesis of OIH membranes for deposition on OFS will be discussed. The challenges and future directions in this field will also be considered, as well as the main limitations of OFS for RCS monitoring.

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Section: Ofs For Chloride Ions Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ofs For Chloride Ions Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ofs For Chloride Ions Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

et al. 2021

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“…And they com-pared the failure mode, bond-slip curve, and bond strength, a combined strength model that considers the combined effect of corrosion ratio, fiber fraction, and c/d ratio was proposed. Abbas et al [6] have utilized ultrasonic waves to detect the concentration of chlorideions in cement slurries with supplementary cementitious materials. One should note that an exponential relationship exists between the energy/amplitude weighted average frequency and chemically combined chloride content in the cement slurry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of non-isothermal flow on chloride ion transport in saturated concrete

Chen

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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The presence of a temperature difference changes the mode of motion of the fluid. The macroscopic motion of the fluid causes the relative displacement between the various parts of the fluid, which in turn affects the transfer of temperature in the medium. To investigate the effect of temperature transfer coupled fluid motion on chloride ion transport in concrete, a mesoscopic model of chloride ion transport in non-isothermal flow of concrete was established and compared with experimental data. Based on the finite element software, the influence of temperature transfer on the internal fluid motion and chloride ion transport of concrete was analyzed. And the effect of convective motion of fluid on the temperature transfer in concrete was studied. It is found that when the heating time is the same, the dynamic viscosity of the fluid in the concrete decreases with the increase of temperature; the chloride ion concentration increases with the increase of temperature at the same depth of concrete; when considering the influence of laminar flow, the temperature is transmitted faster in the concrete and exhibits uneven diffusion from high temperature to low temperature; non-isothermal flow promotes the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete, and the higher the temperature.

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“…Refs [ 21 , 22 ] reviewed tens of non-destructive measurement techniques of Cl − content in concrete such as potentiometric measurement, electrical resistivity, impedance analysis, fiber optic sensor, laser breakdown spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction analysis. However, most of them were limited to be used in the laboratory and unable to provide accurate information about the free Cl − (Cl f ) content in pore solution of concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Multi-Element Sensor to Non-Destructively Monitor Several Fundamental Parameters Related to Concrete Durability

Jin

Zeng

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A design scheme of multi-element sensor which included electrical resistivity probes, multiple Cl− selective electrodes, and a steel corrosion monitoring system was proposed in this work. Embedding this multi-element sensor in concrete enables the real-time and non-destructive monitoring of internal electrical resistivity, free Cl− (Clf) contents in the concrete pore solution at different depths, and steel corrosion parameters. Based on the monitoring data obtained by the multi-element sensor, the freezing-thawing (F-T) damage degree, the Clf diffusion coefficient, the quantitative relation between F-T damage degree and Clf diffusion coefficient, the initiation period of steel corrosion, and the critical content related to steel corrosion are determined. To conclude, the multi-element sensor provides key durability parameters for the establishment of the Clf diffusion model, the assessment of health condition, and the prediction of service life of concrete under the coexistence of the F-T cycle and Cl−.

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Non-destructive measurement of chloride ions concentration in concrete – A comparative analysis of limitations and prospects

Cited by 32 publications

References 83 publications

Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

Effect of non-isothermal flow on chloride ion transport in saturated concrete

Developing a Multi-Element Sensor to Non-Destructively Monitor Several Fundamental Parameters Related to Concrete Durability

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