Abstract:Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are usually used for the characterisation of defects arising in polymer composites during manufacturing or in-service use. However, each of these NDT techniques cannot always allow a full diagnosis of the material’s or component’s structural health. Thus, several techniques have to be combined in order to improve the diagnosis of the damaged state of composite structures and their evolution during the part’s life span. This opinion paper proposes a critical overview of … Show more
“…Traditional methods of product condition monitoring, such as visual inspection, color testing, ultrasonic testing, X-ray radiography and tomography, infrared thermography, and others, are aimed at detecting and localizing damages [9][10][11][12] with the possibility of performing a quantitative assessment. At the same time, to increase the reliability of methods for assessing the defects in CM and to follow the developing of underlying processes, as well as predicting the behavior and residual life a broad array of theoretical [13][14][15] and experimental [16][17][18] research is being carried out on the destruction processes of CM.…”
In the study, based on the model of acoustic emission during the destruction of a composite material by shear force according to the Von Mises criterion, the effect of non-uniformity of the destruction process on the generated acoustic emission signal is simulated. The study under the accepted modeling conditions allows us to determine the patterns of changes in the amplitude envelope of acoustic emission signals at various stages of developing processes. In theoretical and experimental studies of acoustic emission signals when searching for patterns in their parameter changes and developing methods for monitoring or diagnosing the state of composite materials, the problem lies in the interpretation of recorded information. This issue arises from the complexity and diversity of processes occurring in the material structure at micro and macro levels, and the high sensitivity of the acoustic emission method to these processes, wherein structural changes lead to observable alterations in the characteristics of acoustic emissions. Solving this problem requires both theoretical and experimental studies to understand the influence of various factors on the characteristics of the generated acoustic emission. The results of the presented study can be used to assess the condition of composite materials and structures, such as bridges, e.g., in terms of defectiveness, property dispersion, damage during operation, and other characteristics.
“…Traditional methods of product condition monitoring, such as visual inspection, color testing, ultrasonic testing, X-ray radiography and tomography, infrared thermography, and others, are aimed at detecting and localizing damages [9][10][11][12] with the possibility of performing a quantitative assessment. At the same time, to increase the reliability of methods for assessing the defects in CM and to follow the developing of underlying processes, as well as predicting the behavior and residual life a broad array of theoretical [13][14][15] and experimental [16][17][18] research is being carried out on the destruction processes of CM.…”
In the study, based on the model of acoustic emission during the destruction of a composite material by shear force according to the Von Mises criterion, the effect of non-uniformity of the destruction process on the generated acoustic emission signal is simulated. The study under the accepted modeling conditions allows us to determine the patterns of changes in the amplitude envelope of acoustic emission signals at various stages of developing processes. In theoretical and experimental studies of acoustic emission signals when searching for patterns in their parameter changes and developing methods for monitoring or diagnosing the state of composite materials, the problem lies in the interpretation of recorded information. This issue arises from the complexity and diversity of processes occurring in the material structure at micro and macro levels, and the high sensitivity of the acoustic emission method to these processes, wherein structural changes lead to observable alterations in the characteristics of acoustic emissions. Solving this problem requires both theoretical and experimental studies to understand the influence of various factors on the characteristics of the generated acoustic emission. The results of the presented study can be used to assess the condition of composite materials and structures, such as bridges, e.g., in terms of defectiveness, property dispersion, damage during operation, and other characteristics.
“…To study processes of structural changes, destructive techniques require a large number of serial measurements of similar samples. Existing techniques for the nondestructive testing (NDT) of composite materials [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] are dedicated to industrial applications with low spatial resolution. Currently, the high spatial resolution needed for studying the microscopic structure of reinforced composites is provided only by techniques such as impulse acoustic microscopy [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and X-ray computer microtomography (micro-CT) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”
The investigation of destruction processes in composite materials is a current problem for their structural application and the improvement of their functional properties. This work aimed to visualize structural changes induced in layered carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) with the help of synchrotron X-ray microtomography. This article presents the details of destructive processes in the early stages of the deformation of reinforced polymers under uniaxial stretching, investigated at the micro level. Individual structural elements of the composite–filaments, parallel fiber bundles, the nonuniformity of the polymer binder distribution, and continuity defects–were observed under an external load. We have considered the influence of the material architecture and technological defects on fracture evolution in cross-ply and quasi-isotropic fiber-reinforced plastics. The results indicate the sequence of irreversible structural changes before the destruction of the material.
“…Finally, it processes this information using a structural warning and assessment system to obtain the health status of the structure. Thus, the sensors are the crucial tools by which the SHM system obtains information, and are considered the sensory organs of the SHM system [8]. Therefore, the implementation of SHM systems relies heavily on the support of sensing technology.…”
Structural health monitoring is currently a crucial measure for the analysis of structural safety. As a structural asset management approach, it can provide a cost-effective measure and has been used successfully in a variety of structures. In recent years, the development of fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology has led to further advances in structural health monitoring. This paper focuses on the basic principles, recent advances, and current status of applications of these two sensing technologies. It provides the reader with a broad review of the literature. It introduces the advantages, limitations, and future directions of these two sensing technologies. In addition, the main contribution of this paper is that the integration of fiber optic sensing technology and vision sensing technology is discussed. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and application potential of this integration by citing numerous examples. The conclusions show that this new integrated sensing technology can effectively utilize the advantages of both fields.
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