Non-destructive ghost authentication for single-pixel imaging in mass user environment

Abstract

A secured ghost imaging system can be constructed in a big data environment by generating many ciphertext sequences (including both correct and incorrect ones) from different object images and only allowing authorized users to retrieve the target correct ones. In such schemes, the identification of the truth of the ciphertext is a critical issue. In previous works, a ciphertext authentication scheme for a ghost imaging system was proposed by embedding ciphertext fractions generated from hidden images into the target object ciphertext sequence. However, the substituted ciphertext elements will cause severe degradation in the reconstructed object image quality, especially when a large number of hidden images are employed in a mass user environment. In this paper, we propose a non-destructive ciphertext authentication scheme by recording the positions of the ciphertext elements with similar intensities to form the authentication key, rather than direct embedding. Our proposed scheme has a significant advantage over the previous destructive authentication scheme by preserving the fidelity of the reconstructed object image when the ciphertext is authenticated by many users simultaneously.

Known-Plaintext Attack and Ciphertext-Only Attack for Encrypted Single-Pixel Imaging

“…Optical encryption, authentication and watermarking systems [1][2][3] can be constructed for information security applications, with advantages such as multi-dimensional parallel processing capabilities, fast processing speed and direct processing of physical objects without digitalization. In previous works, an image encryption system can be physically implemented with various types of optical imaging systems, including but not limited to double random phase encoding (DRPE) [4], holography [5,6], integral imaging [7][8][9], ptychography [10,11], and single-pixel imaging [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In these systems, the plaintext image is converted to a light field, which is optically transformed into a ciphertext light field with certain physical encryption keys (e.g.…”

“…For other types of optical encryption systems such as DRPE [4], various implementations of encryption systems [24][25][26][27][28] and various types of cryptanalysis [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] including CPA, KPA and COA have been extensively investigated. However, for encrypted SPI, many works have been conducted on the design of encryption systems [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] since the earliest attempt [12] but little cryptanalysis has been investigated previously. As far as the author knows, only one such work [36] can be found, in which some CPA methods are proposed.…”