Non-destructive evaluation of concrete moisture by GPR: Experimental study and direct modeling

Reconstruction of sub-wavelength fractures and physical properties of masonry media using full-waveform inversion of proximal penetrating radar

“…The electric permittivity and the electric conductivity values seem to match fairly well with literature data on concrete properties (Lai et al, 2009;Laurens et al, 2005;Robert, 1998;Soutsos et al, 2001;Tsui and Matthews, 1997). Geometrical parameters accuracy could be evaluated because the model geometry was accurately measured, i.e., the antenna height and the slabs thicknesses.…”

GPR evaluation of the damage found in the reinforced concrete base of a block of flats: A case study

“…The majority of the materials that concrete consists of could be considered non-magnetic ones (e.g., [23]). Thus, the magnetic permeability could be approximated to that of a vacuum: m ¼ 4p  10 À7 H/m.…”

Mapping of evaporite deformation in a potash mine using ground penetrating radar: Upper Kama deposit, Russia

“…Detectability of thin fractures depends upon many factors (central frequency and shape of signal, fracture opening, variation of fracture geometry, roughness of the walls, orientation relative to the antenna and observation line, homogeneity of surrounding media, properties of filling material, parameters of recording, parameters of the processing and data displaying, etc.). Therefore, the millimeter scale air-filled fractures were successfully detected by Lane et al (2000) and Laurence et al (2003) but in some cases the known fractures were not detected (Apel and Dezelic, 2005).…”