Non-Destructive Egg Shell Thickness Measurements Using Ultrasonic Energy

Gould, R. W.

doi:10.3382/ps.0511460

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although neither the frequencies, intensity, couplant media nor the operating temperatures were stated in the report by Gould (1972), the frequency and intensities used in nondestructive testing units are similar to those employed in this study. Therefore, the use of this type of treatment, especially if the frequency is 2 MHz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Exposure of Eggs to Ultrasound during Incubation and Its Effect on Hatchability and Growth

Levenick

Kondra

Freese³

1975

Poultry Science

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An experiment was undertaken to study the effect of exposing incubating embryos to short ultrasonic pulses across the intact egg shell. Three minute exposures to 2.25 MHz. pulses, average incident intensity equals 28.6 mW./cm.2, failed to show any effect on embryonic mutation, hatchability, sex ratio, or body weight. On the average the ultrasonic absorption of the egg shells ranged from 26 dB./mm. at 0.6 MHz. to 100 dB./mm. at 2.25 MHz. The transmitted power incident on the blastodisc, consisting mainly of spectrum components below 1.0 MHz., was estimated at congruent to 1% of the incident power.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Gould (1972) reported on uses of ultrasonic energy as a means of measuring egg shell thickness. None of the above reported on the effect of ultrasound on fertile or incubating eggs, although Gould (1972) mentioned this as a possible factor of concern.…”

Section: Introduction T He Use Of Ultrasonic Energy As a Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Eggs to Ultrasound during Incubation and Its Effect on Hatchability and Growth

Levenick

Kondra

Freese³

1975

Poultry Science

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“…A recent technique to measure eggshell thickness is the use of ultrasonic energy (Gould, 1972). A high degree of accuracy is claimed.…”

Section: Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Eggshell Strength*

Voisey¹,

Hunt

1974

Journal of Texture Studies

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Techniques used to measure the eggshell strength and associated parameters are reviewed. Much of the early research was based on crude instruments that did not adequately control test conditions, particularly the rate of applying force to the shell. Better instruments have been used recently to obtain precise readings. A significant advance has been the development of techniques to describe the physical properties of the shell material. This is potentially more meaningful than the empirical comparisons of egg behaviour, and is leading to a better understanding of the shell fracture mechanism. Two practical tests are currently available to the biologist for non‐destructive measurements: specific gravity of the egg and shell deformation under a non‐destructive force. Both predict ‐ with acceptable precision ‐ the shell fracture force. Eggshell strength has been investigated for over 70 years, but an ideal test method has yet to be found, and research is still required.

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“…28 -30 It has been suggested that ultrasound could be used in nondestructive measurement of the thickness of egg shells. 31 The most informative experiments in the embryonated chick egg were performed because of its value as a basic biologic test system. Brettschneider3 2 was unable to produce developmental abnormalities by exposing chick eggs to 1 to 3 W/cm 2 intensities through an intact shell.…”

Section: Studies In Aviansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ultrasound on development. Part 1: Introduction and studies in inframammalian species. Report of the bioeffects committee of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

Sikov¹

1986

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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This report reviews and establishes patterns from the literature on experimental ultrasound exposures of inframammalian embryos and prenatal laboratory mammals. Exposure to ultrasound can produce adverse affects on development, and the sensitivity and responses of the test systems vary with the stage of development. Generally, however, deleterious effects are demonstrable only with exposure parameters that far exceed those used in clinical practice, and the few reports of mammalian embryotoxicity under clinically relevant exposure conditions have not been repeatable. Although it may be impossible to unequivocally establish absolute safety, there is a need for further studies to evaluate subtle and delayed indicators of developmental effects, potential mechanisms, and to attempt to estimate threshold exposure conditions.

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Non-Destructive Egg Shell Thickness Measurements Using Ultrasonic Energy

Abstract: Non-destructive thickness measurements have been made on Brown Pelican and chicken egg shells using ultrasonic thickness measurement techniques. Excellent agreement with the standard dial gage micrometer method is obtained.

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Exposure of Eggs to Ultrasound during Incubation and Its Effect on Hatchability and Growth

Exposure of Eggs to Ultrasound during Incubation and Its Effect on Hatchability and Growth

Measurement of Eggshell Strength*

Effect of ultrasound on development. Part 1: Introduction and studies in inframammalian species. Report of the bioeffects committee of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

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