Non-culture based assays for the detection of fungal pathogens

Otašević, Suzana; Momčilović, Stefan; Stojanović, Nikola; Skvarč, Miha; Rajković, Katarina; Arsić-Arsenijević, Valentina

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.03.001

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…For rapid diagnosis of SFI, commercial molecular tests are designed but they are not affordable for most mycology labs. On the other hand, available commercial immunochromatographic assays for prompt diagnosis of these infections lack in diagnostic efficiency …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Species distribution and epidemiological characteristics of superficial fungal infections in Southeastern Serbia

Otašević

Momčilović

Golubović

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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| INTRODUC TI ONSuperficial fungal infections (SFI) are one of the most common diseases in the world with an exceptionally high prevalence in the range of 22%-25%. 1 The major causative agents of SFI with public and veterinary health relevance are the dermatophytes that infect keratinized tissue (skin, hair and nails) of humans and animals. Pathogenic species in this group are anthropophilic and zoophilic fungi belonging to three genera: Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton.Other, clinically less important, dermatophytes are geophilic and zoophilic species divided over Nannizzia, Lophophyton, Arthroderma, Ctenomyces genera and two newly introduced genera, Guarromyces and Paraphyton. 2 Summary Background: Superficial fungal infections (SFI), one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, are infections of keratin-rich structures of human body mostly caused by dermatophytes and yeasts. Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the possible changes in the epidemiology of SFI on the territory of Southeastern Serbia and to investigate epidemiological characteristics and the influence of SFI on the patient's quality of life. Methods: From 2012 to the end of 2017, samples of 1643 patients (568 males and 1075 females, mean age 40.32 ± 22.44 years) with suspected SFI from Southeastern Serbia were examined using the standard mycological methods. The questionnaires were used to investigate epidemiological characteristics.Results: Superficial fungal infections were diagnosed in 20.5% (n = 336) of patients.In the group of dermatophytes, the most prevalent was Microsporum canis (63.9%, n = 76) followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (21.8%, n = 26). Non-albicans Candida species were dominant aetiological agents of superficial candidosis (62.3%).BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 (P = 0.019) was determined as an independent risk factor for SFI.There was a statistically significant difference in the EQVAS score between the groups of patients and the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions:Results of conducted study indicate that SFI prevalence has not changed in the previous period. However, increase of Candida-SFI prevalence, especially Candida onychomycosis, was established. K E Y W O R D SCandida spp., dermatophytes, prevalence, superficial fungal infections | 459 OTAŠEVIĆ ET Al.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Species distribution and epidemiological characteristics of superficial fungal infections in Southeastern Serbia

Otašević

Momčilović

Golubović

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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“…Culture based laboratory surveillance of vulvovaginal Candida spp. prevalence showed an emergence of non- albicans Candida (NAC), which we identified in ~25% of Serbian isolates [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Burden of Serious Fungal Diseases in Serbia

Arsenijevic

Denning

2018

JoF

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For the first time, we aimed to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections or diseases (SFD) and highlight national epidemiological features in Serbia. Data on population and underlining conditions were extracted from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, World Bank, the Institute of Public Health of Serbia, the World Health Organization, National reference laboratory for medical mycology, the national registries of Serbian professional societies, and relevant publications. The population structure/inhabitants in 2016 (not including the autonomous region Kosovo & Metohija) was 7,058,322; with 6,041,743 adults (85.6%). The populations at risk (total cases per year) were: HIV infected 2441; acute myeloid leukemia 212; stem cell transplantation 151; solid organ transplants 59; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 250,302; adult asthmatics 311,806; adult cystic fibrosis 65; pulmonary tuberculosis 898; lung cancer 7260; intensive care unit admissions 19,821; and renal support 520. Annual fungal disease cases estimated are: candidemia 518; invasive aspergillosis 619; Candida peritonitis 187; Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia 62; cryptococcosis 5; mucormycosis or fusariosis 23; severe asthma with fungal sensitization 10,393; allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 9094; chronic pulmonary aspergillosis 448, recurrent Candida vaginitis 135,303; oral candidiasis 208,489; esophageal candidiasis 173, fungal keratitis 70; tinea capitis 300; and onychomycosis 342,721. We expect that 156,825 people suffer from serious SFD each year (2221/100,000), and 409 dies annually. Additionally, the prevalence of superficial infections exceeds 1,008,995 cases (14,295/100,000). The first Rhinosporidium outbreak in Europe was associated with Serbian Silver Lake. The plant pathogen Fusarium seems to be emerging in Serbian pediatric haematooncology settings. Candida auris and endemic mycoses have not been observed to date. These general estimates provide a primer for further efforts to study fungal epidemiology in Serbia.

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“…Current methods for detecting fungal infection include culture, microscopic examination, serology, and histopathology [ 5 , 26 , 49 , 50 ]. However, these methods are challenged by various limitations, including the lack of sensitivity and specificity, time required, sample acquisition, and quality, and may be confounded by the host immunology and prior use of antibiotics and antifungals [ 5 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. NGS has been developed to allow for increased specificity and sensitivity [ 5 , 26 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: The Challenges Of Sequencing the Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these methods are challenged by various limitations, including the lack of sensitivity and specificity, time required, sample acquisition, and quality, and may be confounded by the host immunology and prior use of antibiotics and antifungals [ 5 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. NGS has been developed to allow for increased specificity and sensitivity [ 5 , 26 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Although the last decade has seen exponential increases in the use of NGS, its widespread implementation as a routine diagnostic tool remains limited and currently mainly restricted to research settings [ 60 ].…”

Section: The Challenges Of Sequencing the Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspergillus Signatures in COPD and Bronchiectasis

Tiew

Thng

Chotirmall

2022

JoF

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Pulmonary mycoses remain a global threat, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with airways disease, including COPD and bronchiectasis, are at increased risks of pulmonary mycoses and its associated complications. Frequent use of antibiotics and corticosteroids coupled with impaired host defenses predispose patients to fungal colonization and airway persistence, which are associated with negative clinical consequences. Notably, Aspergillus species remain the best-studied fungal pathogen and induce a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in COPD and bronchiectasis ranging from colonization and sensitization to more invasive disease. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has gained prominence in the field of respiratory infection, and in some cases is beginning to act as a viable alternative to traditional culture. NGS has revolutionized our understanding of airway microbiota and in particular fungi. In this context, it permits the identification of the previously unculturable, fungal composition, and dynamic change within microbial communities of the airway, including potential roles in chronic respiratory disease. Furthermore, inter-kingdom microbial interactions, including fungi, in conjunction with host immunity have recently been shown to have important clinical roles in COPD and bronchiectasis. In this review, we provide an overview of clinical Aspergillus signatures in COPD and bronchiectasis and cover the current advances in the understanding of the mycobiome in these disease states. The challenges and limitations of NGS will be addressed.

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Non-culture based assays for the detection of fungal pathogens

Cited by 21 publications

References 123 publications

Species distribution and epidemiological characteristics of superficial fungal infections in Southeastern Serbia

Species distribution and epidemiological characteristics of superficial fungal infections in Southeastern Serbia

Estimated Burden of Serious Fungal Diseases in Serbia

Clinical Aspergillus Signatures in COPD and Bronchiectasis

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