Non‐cultivated grass hosts of yellow dwarf viruses in Ethiopia and their epidemiological consequences on cultivated cereals

Abstract

The yellow dwarf (YD) disease complex epidemics in cultivated cereals grown in a specific period of the year mainly depend on the presence of potential reservoir alternative hosts harbouring both the viruses and the vectors over the off‐season and serve as a source of inoculum in subsequent cropping season, further spread being supported by efficient aphid vectors. As such, an extensive and intensive exploration to generate base line information on the identity and prevalence of YD viruses [barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)‐PAV, BYDV‐MAV and BYDV‐SGV; cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV)‐RPV; and maize yellow dwarf virus (MYDV)‐RMV] on wild annual and perennial grasses and forage cereals alternative hosts was conducted consecutively during 2013–2015 main‐ and short‐rainy seasons in cereals growing belts of Ethiopia. Random sampling was employed to collect the samples that were tested by the tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) to identify the YDVs associated with the hosts using a battery of virus‐specific polyclonal antibodies. Of 13,604 samples analysed, YDVs were detected in 392 (2.9%) samples, which consisted of various wild grasses, forage cereals and three cultivated crops. YDVs were identified from at least 26 grass species and forage cereals, some of them are new records, and some are previously documented hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of YDV infection of Andropogon abyssinicus (FresenR.Br. ex Fresen.) (BYDV‐PAV), Avena abyssinica Hochst (BYDV‐PAV), Bromus pectinatus Thunb. (BYDV‐PAV and BYDV‐MAV), Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter (BYDV‐PAV), Eragrostis sp. (BYDV‐PAV), Hyparrhenia anthistrioides Stapf. (BYDV‐PAV), Panicum coloratum L. (BYDV‐PAV), Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (BYDV‐PAV), Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem & Schult (BYDV‐PAV, BYDV‐SGV and MYDV‐RMV), Setaria australiensis (Scribn. & Merrill) Vickery (BYDV‐PAV, BYDV‐MAV and CYDV‐RPV) and Snowdenia polystachya (Fresen.) Pilg (BYDV‐PAV, BYDV‐MAV, BYDV‐SGV, CYDV‐RPV and MYDV‐RMV).

High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Differential Begomovirus Species Diversity in Non-Cultivated Plants in Northern-Pacific Mexico

“…The ecology of begomoviruses identified by HTS studies in non-cultivated plants requires more effort in order to understand the contribution of these plants for disease development [74,75,76]. Non-cultivated plants could be a source of viral inoculum to cultivated plants [77,78,79,80,81,82,83] and could contribute to viral evolution. Here, we described some non-cultivated plants at the agro-ecological interface carrying geminivirus-signatures (Table 3 and Supplementary Table S2).…”

Advanced and Commonly Used Serological Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Plant Virus: Review

“…The present antigen was then detected by enzyme-labeled immunological probes (Fegla et al, 2001). For instance, Barley yellow dwarf viruses, Cereal yellow dwarf viruses, and Maize yellow dwarf virus (Bekele et al, 2018) were detected in tissue blots from infected leaves and stems. The presence of the virus in a blot of infected tissues developed purple color (Fig.…”

Ecology of Yellow Dwarf Viruses in Crops and Grasslands: Interactions in the Context of Climate Change

“…The luteoviruses that constitute the YDVs are distributed broadly in grain crops throughout temperate regions in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. They have also been detected in grasslands across the globe, including in North America (e.g., 51, 74,105,117), Europe (46,80), Australia (99), New Zealand (26), the Middle East (6), and East Africa (11). Although not all grasslands have been surveyed for viruses, evidence to date suggests that YDVs are ubiquitous.…”