Abstract:We have proposed and demonstrated a novel non-contact electromagnetic deformable mirror actuator for spherical aberration compensation with simple configurations. The magnetic ring with low stiffness placed on a mirror deformed the mirror into an ideal parabolic shape by applying a magnetic force generated from an electromagnet underneath. We were able to control the deformation of the mirror by adjusting the applied voltage. The maximum deviation from ideal shape was less than 30 nm. In addition, a continuous… Show more
“…However, the bimorph piezoelectric DM is only suitable for low‐order deformation due to much fewer actuators 38,39 . MEMS DM is only suitable for small size, low cost, and fast response applications, and the displacement is no more than 10 μm 40–42 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…38,39 MEMS DM is only suitable for small size, low cost, and fast response applications, and the displacement is no more than 10 μm. [40][41][42] A stabilized zoom system was desired for a zoom system with fast imaging of distant targets. The traditional piezoelectrically-actuated deformable mirror (PADM) has been unable to meet the requirements [43][44][45] for this system because the larger displacement leads to severe mirror stress, 46 which affects the fitting accuracy of the DM 47,48 and may even damage the mirror.…”
SummaryA stabilized zoom system with deformable mirrors (DMs) was designed for continuous optical zoom. In order to adjust the focal length and expand the field angle, the characteristic surface shapes of the DMs composed of the low‐order and high‐order Zernike polynomials were provided. The maximum peak‐to‐valley (PV) value at the center of the surface shape is 80 μm. This work presents a piezoelectrically‐actuated deformable mirror (PADM) with large displacement for a stabilized zoom system. The COMSOL simulation was conducted to obtain the desired design by matching and optimizing structural parameters. The maximum displacement of PADM was more than 80 μm. The fitting results by the steepest descent algorithm (SD) showed that the RMS values of the residual surface shapes were 1 of 7 to 1 of 4 of their PV values, and the PV values of the residual surface shapes were less than 1 of 10 of the PV values of the target surface shapes.
“…However, the bimorph piezoelectric DM is only suitable for low‐order deformation due to much fewer actuators 38,39 . MEMS DM is only suitable for small size, low cost, and fast response applications, and the displacement is no more than 10 μm 40–42 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…38,39 MEMS DM is only suitable for small size, low cost, and fast response applications, and the displacement is no more than 10 μm. [40][41][42] A stabilized zoom system was desired for a zoom system with fast imaging of distant targets. The traditional piezoelectrically-actuated deformable mirror (PADM) has been unable to meet the requirements [43][44][45] for this system because the larger displacement leads to severe mirror stress, 46 which affects the fitting accuracy of the DM 47,48 and may even damage the mirror.…”
SummaryA stabilized zoom system with deformable mirrors (DMs) was designed for continuous optical zoom. In order to adjust the focal length and expand the field angle, the characteristic surface shapes of the DMs composed of the low‐order and high‐order Zernike polynomials were provided. The maximum peak‐to‐valley (PV) value at the center of the surface shape is 80 μm. This work presents a piezoelectrically‐actuated deformable mirror (PADM) with large displacement for a stabilized zoom system. The COMSOL simulation was conducted to obtain the desired design by matching and optimizing structural parameters. The maximum displacement of PADM was more than 80 μm. The fitting results by the steepest descent algorithm (SD) showed that the RMS values of the residual surface shapes were 1 of 7 to 1 of 4 of their PV values, and the PV values of the residual surface shapes were less than 1 of 10 of the PV values of the target surface shapes.
Recent advances brought the performance of MEMS-based varifocal mirrors to levels comparable to conventional ultra-high-speed focusing devices. Varifocal mirrors are becoming capable of high axial resolution exceeding 300 resolvable planes, can achieve microsecond response times, continuous operation above several hundred kHz, and can be designed to combine focusing with lateral steering in a single-chip device. This survey summarizes the past 50 years of scientific progress in varifocal MEMS mirrors, providing the most comprehensive study in this field to date. We introduce a novel figure of merit for varifocal mirrors on the basis of which we evaluate and compare nearly all reported devices from the literature. At the forefront of this review is the analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of various actuation technologies, as well as a systematic study of methods reported to enhance the focusing performance in terms of speed, resolution, and shape fidelity. We believe this analysis will fuel the future technological development of next-generation varifocal mirrors reaching the axial resolution of 1000 resolvable planes.
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