Non-conservation of the total alkali concentration in ion-exchanged glass

Guo, Xuan; Pivovarov, A. L.; Smedskjær, Morten Mattrup; Potužák, Marcel; Mauro, John C.

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.12.033

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…From Figure 6 , we see that the percentages of absorbance at 3697 cm −1 that represents the concentration of Si–OH species on the surface of ion-exchanged glasses are higher than in the raw glass. This result agrees with previous studies [ 44 , 45 ], and can be ascribed to the penetration of water impurities that exist in the molten KNO 3 used for the ion-exchange process in the glass surface [ 18 ]. The Si–OH species can reduce the surface mechanical properties, which is not in accordance with the mechanical properties’ results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Insight into the Interaction between Water and Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glass by Nanoindentation

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2021

Materials

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This work aims to explore the interaction between water and ion-exchanged aluminosilicate glass. The surface mechanical properties of ion-exchanged glasses after different hydration durations are investigated. The compressive stress and depth of stress layer are determined with a surface stress meter on the basis of photo-elasticity theory. The hardness and Young’s modulus are tested through nanoindentation. Infrared spectroscopy is used to determine the variation in surface structures of the glass samples. The results show that hydration has obvious effects on the hardness and Young’s modulus of the raw and ion-exchanged glasses. The hardness and Young’s modulus decrease to different extents after different hydration times, and the Young’s modulus shows some recovery with the prolonging of hydration time. The ion-exchanged glasses are more resistant to hydration. The tin side is more resistant to hydration than the air side. The results are expected to serve as reference for better understanding the hydration process of ion-exchanged glass.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Insight into the Interaction between Water and Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glass by Nanoindentation

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…The ion exchange treatment was performed in a molten KNO 3 salt bath by submersion for 10 h at 410 °C. This effectively exchanged K + from the salt bath for Na + in the glass surface, with only minor changes in the amount of other elements or total alkali concentrations . The isostatic compression was performed by loading individual samples into a vertically positioned gas pressure chamber with an internal diameter of 6 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effectively exchanged K + from the salt bath for Na + in the glass surface, with only minor changes in the amount of other elements or total alkali concentrations. 26 The isostatic compression was performed by loading individual samples into a vertically positioned gas pressure chamber with an internal diameter of 6 cm. A multizone cylindrical graphite furnace was placed inside the gas pressure reactor with nitrogen as the compression medium.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure-Induced Changes in Interdiffusivity and Compressive Stress in Chemically Strengthened Glass

Svenson

Thirion

Youngman

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Glass exhibits a significant change in properties when subjected to high pressure because the short- and intermediate-range atomic structures of glass are tunable through compression. Understanding the link between the atomic structure and macroscopic properties of glass under high pressure is an important scientific problem because the glass structures obtained via quenching from elevated pressure may give rise to properties unattainable under standard ambient pressure conditions. In particular, the chemical strengthening of glass through K(+)-for-Na(+) ion exchange is currently receiving significant interest due to the increasing demand for stronger and more damage-resistant glass. However, the interplay among isostatic compression, pressure-induced changes in alkali diffusivity, compressive stress generated through ion exchange, and the resulting mechanical properties are poorly understood. In this work, we employ a specially designed gas pressure chamber to compress bulk glass samples isostatically up to 1 GPa at elevated temperature before or after the ion exchange treatment of a commercial sodium-magnesium aluminosilicate glass. Compression of the samples prior to ion exchange leads to a decreased Na(+)-K(+) interdiffusivity, increased compressive stress, and slightly increased hardness. Compression after the ion exchange treatment changes the shape of the potassium-sodium diffusion profiles and significantly increases glass hardness. We discuss these results in terms of the underlying structural changes in network-modifier environments and overall network densification.

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“…This overall reaction consists of three steps: diffusion of dissolved cations to and from the glass–fluid interface, exchange at the glass–fluid interface, and solid-state diffusion within the glass. The solid-state diffusion is referred to as interdiffusion and leads to the formation of anticorrelated concentration profiles of the inward- and outward-diffusing ions that are dependent on the relative charges of the diffusing species, redox conditions of the glass, and changes in the structure of the glass upon exchange. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-Exchange Interdiffusion Model with Potential Application to Long-Term Nuclear Waste Glass Performance

et al. 2016

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Ion exchange and interdiffusion are critical processes in glass applications. In the field of aqueous glass corrosion, it is difficult to conclusively deconvolute the process of ion exchange from other processes, principally dissolution of the glass matrix, due to the formation of alteration layers, Therefore, we have developed a method to isolate alkali diffusion that involves contacting glass coupons with a solution of 6LiCl dissolved in functionally inert dimethyl sulfoxide. We employ the method at temperatures ranging from 25 to 150 °C with various glass compositions. Glass compositions include simulant nuclear waste glasses, such as SON68 and the ISG, glasses in which the nature of the alkali element was varied, and glasses that contained more than one alkali element. An interdiffusion model based on Fick’s second law was developed and applied to all experiments to extract diffusion coefficients. The model expands established models of interdiffusion to the case where multiple types of alkali sites are present in the glass. Activation energies for alkali ion diffusion were calculated. The interdiffusion model derived from laboratory experiments is expected to be useful for modeling glass corrosion in a geological repository when silicon concentrations are high.

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Non-conservation of the total alkali concentration in ion-exchanged glass

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Insight into the Interaction between Water and Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glass by Nanoindentation

Insight into the Interaction between Water and Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glass by Nanoindentation

Pressure-Induced Changes in Interdiffusivity and Compressive Stress in Chemically Strengthened Glass

Ion-Exchange Interdiffusion Model with Potential Application to Long-Term Nuclear Waste Glass Performance

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