Non-communicable disease comorbidities in HIV patients: diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and obstructive sleep apnea as a neglected issue

Abstract

The present study evaluates the non-communicable disease (NCD) patterns and related risk factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Iran. This national cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 1173 confirmed PLWHs with a mean age of 35.35 (56.82 Over 50 years old, 33.90 Under 50 years old) admitted from 15 different provinces in the country. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of factors with having at least one NCD comorbidity. From 1173 PLWH, 225(19.18%) participants experienced at least one NCD (15.20% and 38.69% among under- and over-50-year-old patients, respectively). The prevalence of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea among all patients was 1.59%, 2.05%, 1.55%, and 10.26%, respectively. The similar prevalence for each NCD among those over 50 years was 10.11%, 15.71%, 9.01%, 25.44%, and 1.01%, 1.12%, 1.04%, and 9.23% among those under 50 years, respectively. The odds of being at risk of at least one NCD stood higher in patients over 50 years (ORadj = 2.93, 95% CI 1.96–4.37), married (ORadj = 2.48, 95% CI 1.41–4.35), divorced or widowed (ORadj = 2.78, 95% CI 1.48–5.20), and obese (ORadj = 3.82, 95% CI 2.46–5.91). According to our findings regarding the prevalence of NCDs among patients under 50 years of age, we recommend that policymakers give greater consideration to this group in the screening and care programs for NCDs since adults and the elderly are both vulnerable to the risk factors for developing NCDs.

Non-communicable diseases comorbidity among HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Sidama Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…The magnitude of NCD comorbidity of the present study is higher than the studies conducted in Bahirdar, Ethiopia (19.6%) [6], Kenya (11.5%) [22], Zimbabwe (15.3%) [23], Iran (15.2%) [24]. The higher NCD comorbidity in this study could be attributed to variations in population demographics, geographical disparities, healthcare accessibility, and differing healthcare practices.…”

Gestational weight gain and adverse birth outcomes in South African women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy and without HIV: a prospective cohort study

“…On the other hand, almost half of our cohort had GWG above the NAM recommended range, including one‐third of WHIV. These results are concerning considering that PHIV already have a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes [ 37 , 38 ] and metabolic health outcomes associated with HIV‐induced chronic inflammation [ 39 – 41 ]. In addition, unwanted GWG in PHIV could exacerbate their poor mental health and negatively affect ART adherence [ 42 ].…”

Relationship Between Multimorbidity, Nutritional Status and Duration of ARV Treatment to Major Signs of HIV at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya

“…With the improvement in HIV-infected individuals' survival, the probability of other diseases is increasing, like in the general population (Lerner et al, 2020). According to reports from the WHO, ARV may affect and progress non-communicable diseases that can cause a multimorbidity (Hadavandsiri et al, 2023). ARV consumption is proven to be able to increase the appetite of every HIV/AIDS patient, which will improve the patient's nutritional status (Iheme, 2023).…”