Non-College Occupations and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment

Chuan, Amanda

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3597173

Cited by 1 publication

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“…8 A significant part in the lack of convergence between genders is attributed to human capital factors, including choices of college majors (Zafar, 2013;Bronson, 2015), entry into different professions and industries (Bertrand et al, 2010;Goldin, 2014;Buser et al, 2014), as well as cumulative labor force experience and human-capital accumulation, driven by part-time work and time spent out of the labor force (O'Neill and Polachek, 1993;Erosa et al, 2016). In addition, although women's college attainment rates exceed those of men (Goldin et al, 2006), evidence on differential returns on college education due to the absence of high-paying non-college job opportunities for women could imply that women's true "steady state" level of college attendance would be even higher if post-college barriers to career are removed (Chuan, 2019).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The power of time: The impact of free IVF on Women’s human capital investments

Gershoni

Low

2021

European Economic Review

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Women's time-limited fertility window, compared to men's longer period of fecundity, could be a key constraint in shaping the gender gap in career choices and hence outcomes. Israel's 1994 policy change that made in-vitro fertilization free provides a natural experiment for examining how fertility time horizons impact women's investment choices. We find that following the policy change women complete more college and graduate education. We then present evidence suggesting that these larger investments contributed to better labor market outcomes, reducing the gender gap in career achievement. This further implies that persistent labor market inequality may be partly rooted in biological asymmetries.

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