Non-coding transcriptome in brain aging

Arendt, Thomas; Ueberham, Uwe; Janitz, Michael

doi:10.18632/aging.101290

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs, including short ncRNAs (small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs), and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs)) mainly function as probes, antisense (AS) probes, miRNA analogs, and miRNA inhibitors and have great potential for gene therapy and molecular diagnosis. 96,97 Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced by cells in the normal process of gene expression and is mainly derived from primary transcripts, which are either present in mature species or removed by RNA processing. 98 Increasing evidence suggests that ssRNAs and dsRNA generated from the unstable genome are related to the aging process.…”

Section: Epigenetic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments

Guo

Huang

Dou

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

402

160

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Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the risks of various aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and immune system diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has promoted human health and greatly extended life expectancy, with the aging of society, a variety of chronic diseases have gradually become the most important causes of disability and death in elderly individuals. Current research on aging focuses on elucidating how various endogenous and exogenous stresses (such as genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, compromise of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, deregulated nutrient sensing) participate in the regulation of aging. Furthermore, thorough research on the pathogenesis of aging to identify interventions that promote health and longevity (such as caloric restriction, microbiota transplantation, and nutritional intervention) and clinical treatment methods for aging-related diseases (depletion of senescent cells, stem cell therapy, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory treatments, and hormone replacement therapy) could decrease the incidence and development of aging-related diseases and in turn promote healthy aging and longevity.

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Section: Epigenetic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments

Guo

Huang

Dou

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

402

160

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“…The brain is the chief regulatory center of the body, and delaying brain aging is critical for improving quality of life of the elderly. In the process of aging, there are not only declines in learning, memory, and cognitive abilities, but also obstacles in social and personal relationships ( Mora et al, 2007 ; Singer et al, 2014 ; Arendt et al, 2017 ). The exact mechanism of brain aging has not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched Physical Environment Attenuates Spatial and Social Memory Impairments of Aged Socially Isolated Mice

Wang

Cao

et al. 2018

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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BackgroundSocial isolation in the elderly is one of the principal health risks in an aging society. Physical environmental enrichment is shown to improve sensory, cognitive, and motor functions, but it is unknown whether environmental enrichment can protect against brain impairments caused by social isolation.MethodsEighteen-month-old mice were housed, either grouped or isolated, in a standard or enriched environment for 2 months, respectively. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate cognitive functional and social interaction ability. Synaptic protein levels, myelination, neuroinflammation, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome signaling pathways were examined in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.ResultsIsolated aged mice exhibited declines in spatial memory and social memory compared with age-matched littermates living within group housing. The aforementioned memory malfunctions were mitigated in isolated aged mice that were housed in a large cage with a running wheel and novel toys. Enriched housing prevented synaptic protein loss, myelination defects, and downregulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor, while also increasing interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of isolated mice. In addition, activation of glial cells and NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes was partially ameliorated in the hippocampus of isolated mice treated with physical environmental enrichment.ConclusionsThese results suggest that an enriched physical environment program may serve as a nonpharmacological intervention candidate to help maintain healthy brain function of elderly people living alone.

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“…NcRNAs, including lncRNAs and circRNAs, play an important role in brain biology and molecular pathologies associated with neurodegeneration [22, 37]. For example, lncRNAs and circRNAs affect cell proliferation, differentiation, quiescence, senescence, stress and immune response, and many other cellular functions associated with aging [12, 38–40]. LncRNAs can regulate gene expression in the following ways: inter-chromosomal interactions, formation of nuclear structures or R-loops, regulating post-transcriptional mRNA decay, regulating cellular localization of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins, acting as guides or decoys for transcription factors, providing scaffolds for chromatin modifying complexes, and acting as miRNA sponges [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age-related transcriptome changes may contribute to physiological changes in the dopaminergic neurons of the SN during aging. High-throughput RNA sequencing technologies have helped demonstrate that less than 3% of human transcripts are protein-coding RNAs; the rest are non-protein-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) [11, 12]. Changes in protein expression contribute to changes in cellular function that characterize the aging process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNAs down-regulate Myh1, Casr, and Mis18a expression in the Substantia Nigra of aged male rats

Zhang

Kang

et al. 2019

Aging

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In this study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to identify mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are differentially expressed in the Substantia Nigra (SN) of aged and young rats. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were used to perform functional annotation of mRNAs that were either differentially expressed themselves (DEMs), targeted by differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), or the parents of differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs). A total of 112 DEMs, 163 DELs, and 98 DECs were found in the SN of aged rats. The down-regulated lncRNA NONRATT010417.2 targeted the down-regulated mRNA Myh1, while the down-regulated lncRNA NONRATT015586.2 and the up-regulated lncRNAs NONRATT000490.2 and NONRATT007029.2 all targeted the down-regulated mRNAs Casr and Mis18a. Western blots and RT-qPCR revealed that Myh1, Casr, and Mis18a protein and mRNA expression were significantly reduced in aged rats compared to young rats. This study improves our understanding of the transcriptional alterations underlying aging-related changes in the SN and provides a foundation for future studies of associated molecular mechanisms.

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Non-coding transcriptome in brain aging

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments

Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments

Enriched Physical Environment Attenuates Spatial and Social Memory Impairments of Aged Socially Isolated Mice

LncRNAs down-regulate Myh1, Casr, and Mis18a expression in the Substantia Nigra of aged male rats

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