Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Their Functions and Mechanisms

Jia, Zimo; An, Jiaqi; Liu, Ziyuan; Zhang, Fan

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.783079

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…In the context of cancer pathogenesis, miRNA expression has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, growth, and metabolism, and, thereby, carcinogenesis. For instance, deregulated miRNAs can promote tumorigenesis by both inhibiting the transcription of tumor suppressor genes as well as failing to do so in the case of oncogenes [ 282 ].…”

Section: Aspirin Sensitivity Of Pik3ca -Mutated Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LncRNAs are defined as transcripts with a length of > 200 nucleotides [ 282 ]. Apart from not being translated, lncRNAs are believed to be processed in the same manner as mRNAs, including transcription by RNA polymerase II as well as post-transcriptional modification, such as 5’ capping, polyadenylation, and splicing [ 283 ].…”

Section: Aspirin Sensitivity Of Pik3ca -Mutated Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited

Hall

Benndorf

2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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PIK3CA mutations are amongst the most prevalent somatic mutations in cancer and are associated with resistance to first-line treatment along with low survival rates in a variety of malignancies. There is evidence that patients carrying PIK3CA mutations may benefit from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, particularly in the setting of colorectal cancer. In this regard, it has been clarified that Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), whose catalytic subunit p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, are involved in signal transduction that regulates cell cycle, cell growth, and metabolism and, if disturbed, induces carcinogenic effects. Although PI3K is associated with pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and signaling, and COX-2 is among the best-studied targets of aspirin, the mechanisms behind this clinically relevant phenomenon are still unclear. Indeed, there is further evidence that the protective, anti-carcinogenic effect of aspirin in this setting may be mediated in a COX-independent manner. However, until now the understanding of aspirin’s prostaglandin-independent mode of action is poor. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on this topic and aims to analyze possible mechanisms and targets behind the aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated cancers.

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Section: Aspirin Sensitivity Of Pik3ca -Mutated Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aspirin Sensitivity Of Pik3ca -Mutated Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited

Hall

Benndorf

2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…Therefore, uncovering the exact functions and underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomal ncRNAs in the TME is essential for optimizing current therapeutic strategies. Our previous study concluded the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) ( 12 ). This review aims to summarize the interactions between exosomal ncRNAs and TME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk of Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in The Tumor Microenvironment: Novel Frontiers

Jia

Yao

2022

Front. Immunol.

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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is defined as a complex and dynamic tissue entity composed of endothelial, stromal, immune cells, and the blood system. The homeostasis and evolution of the TME are governed by intimate interactions among cellular compartments. The malignant behavior of cancer cells, such as infiltrating growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, is predominantly dependent on the bidirectional communication between tumor cells and the TME. And such dialogue mainly involves the transfer of multifunctional regulatory molecules from tumor cells and/or stromal cells within the TME. Interestingly, increasing evidence has confirmed that exosomes carrying regulatory molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids act as an active link in cellular crosstalk in the TME. Notably, extensive studies have identified non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), that could be encapsulated by exosomes, which regulate the coordinated function within the TME and thus participate in cancer development and progression. In this review, we summarize recent literature around the topic of the functions and mechanisms of exosomal ncRNAs in the TME and highlight their clinical significance.

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“…Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides without translation capability, and they regulate gene expression at multiple levels [ 22 ]. Many lncRNAs have been identified to play important roles in CRC progression [ 23 ]. Accumulating evidence has shown that lncRNAs can protect tumour cells from necroptosis by downregulating the expression of some related proteins [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of the lncRNA MYOSLID as a Regulating Factor of Necroptosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer following Necroptosis-Related LncRNA Model Establishment

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Necroptosis is a newly defined form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in cancers. However, necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRLs) involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been thoroughly studied. Methods: In this study, a 4-NRL model was developed based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. A series of informatic, in vitro and in vivo analyses were applied to validate the prognostic value of the model and the potential function of the hub lncRNA MYOSLID. Results: The model exhibited an excellent capacity for the prediction of overall survival and other clinicopathological features of CRC patients using Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, a significant difference in the levels of immune cells, such as CD4 memory T cells and activated mast cells, between two risk groups was observed. The low-risk patients had a higher expression of immune checkpoints, such as PDCD1 (PD-1) and CD274 (PD-L1). The levels of MYOSLID, a hub lncRNA in our model, were higher in CRC tissues than in normal tissues. Knockdown of MYOSLID induced necroptosis and inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, knockdown of MYOSLID also increased the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in subcutaneously transplanted tumours. Conclusion: Our model is a promising biomarker that can be used to predict clinical outcomes in CRC patients, and MYOSLID plays an important role in regulating necroptosis and immune cell infiltration in CRC.

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Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Their Functions and Mechanisms

Cited by 23 publications

References 171 publications

Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited

Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited

Crosstalk of Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in The Tumor Microenvironment: Novel Frontiers

Identification and Validation of the lncRNA MYOSLID as a Regulating Factor of Necroptosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer following Necroptosis-Related LncRNA Model Establishment

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