Non-coding RNAs in cancer: platforms and strategies for investigating the genomic “dark matter”

Grillone, Katia; Riillo, Caterina; Scionti, Francesca; Rocca, Roberta; Tradigo, Giuseppe; Guzzi, Pietro Hiram; Alcaro, Stefano; Martino, Maria Teresa Di; Tagliaferri, Pierosandro; Tassone, Pierfrancesco

doi:10.1186/s13046-020-01622-x

Cited by 166 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 185 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…It could be helpful to find a marker that specifically identifies mucositis process development. Non-coding RNAs have been found to be more lineage-specific than protein coding genes, unveiling how their different expression might specifically determine cell phenotype [149][150][151]. Accordingly, this may not be foolish the research of non-coding RNAs that are specifically involved in mucositis process, whose assessment could be used as mucositis biomarker.…”

Section: Biomarker Feasibility For Oral Mucositis Development Risk Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral mucositis: the hidden side of cancer therapy

Pulito¹,

Cristaudo

Porta

et al. 2020

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

227

135

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Inflammation response of epithelial mucosa to chemo- radiotherapy cytotoxic effects leads to mucositis, a painful side effect of antineoplastic treatments. About 40% of the patients treated with chemotherapy develop mucositis; this percentage rises to about 90% for head and neck cancer patients (HNC) treated with both chemo- and radiotherapy. 19% of the latter will be hospitalized and will experience a delay in antineoplastic treatment for high-grade mucositis management, resulting in a reduction of the quality of life, a worse prognosis and an increase in patient management costs. Currently, several interventions and prevention guidelines are available, but their effectiveness is uncertain. This review comprehensively describes mucositis, debating the impact of standard chemo-radiotherapy and targeted therapy on mucositis development and pointing out the limits and the benefits of current mucositis treatment strategies and assessment guidelines. Moreover, the review critically examines the feasibility of the existing biomarkers to predict patient risk of developing oral mucositis and their role in early diagnosis. Despite the expression levels of some proteins involved in the inflammation response, such as TNF-α or IL-1β, partially correlate with mucositis process, their presence does not exclude others mucositis-independent inflammation events. This strongly suggests the need to discover biomarkers that specifically feature mucositis process development. Non-coding RNAs might hold this potential.

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Section: Biomarker Feasibility For Oral Mucositis Development Risk Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral mucositis: the hidden side of cancer therapy

Pulito¹,

Cristaudo

Porta

et al. 2020

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

227

135

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“…Several clinical trials have evaluated miRNA-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer and other diseases [ 162 , 163 , 164 ]. The first miRNA mimics used as therapeutic, named Miravirsen (SPC3649), reached phase II clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.…”

Section: Ncrna-based Therapeutic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

Martino

Riillo

Scionti

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Immunotherapy is presently one of the most promising areas of investigation and development for the treatment of cancer. While immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-based therapy have recently provided in some cases valuable therapeutic options, the goal of cure has not yet been achieved for most malignancies and more efforts are urgently needed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate several biological processes via selective targeting of crucial molecular signaling pathways. Recently, the key roles of miRNA and lncRNAs as regulators of the immune-response in cancer have progressively emerged, since they may act (i) by shaping the intrinsic tumor cell and microenvironment (TME) properties; (ii) by regulating angiogenesis, immune-escape, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and drug resistance; and (iii) by acting as potential biomarkers for prognostic assessment and prediction of response to immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of ncRNAs in modulating the immune response and the TME. We discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers or as targets for development or clinical translation of new therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the potential combinatory approaches based on ncRNA targeting agents and tumor immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies or CAR-T for the experimental treatment of human cancer.

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“…Given the difficulties in PPGL diagnosis, especially the lack of markers of malignancy, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules are gaining increasing attention, as they have been proven to be useful in other neoplasms, as well [45].…”

Section: Of 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma

Turai

Nyírő²,

Butz

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Around 40% of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGL) harbor germline mutations, representing the highest heritability among human tumors. All PPGL have metastatic potential, but metastatic PPGL is overall rare. There is no available molecular marker for the metastatic potential of these tumors, and the diagnosis of metastatic PPGL can only be established if metastases are found at “extra-chromaffin” sites. In the era of precision medicine with individually targeted therapies and advanced care of patients, the treatment options for metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma are still limited. With this review we would like to nurture the idea of the quest for non-coding ribonucleic acids as an area to be further investigated in tumor biology. Non-coding RNA molecules encompassing microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various tumors, and were also proposed as valuable diagnostic, prognostic factors, and even potential treatment targets. Given the fact that the pathogenesis of tumors including pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas is linked to epigenetic dysregulation, it is reasonable to conduct studies related to their epigenetic expression profiles and in this brief review we present a synopsis of currently available findings on the relevance of these molecules in these tumors highlighting their diagnostic potential.

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Non-coding RNAs in cancer: platforms and strategies for investigating the genomic “dark matter”

Cited by 166 publications

References 185 publications

Oral mucositis: the hidden side of cancer therapy

Oral mucositis: the hidden side of cancer therapy

miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma

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