Non-circulative virus transmission by Aphids : new insights into the mechanisms of transmission and the interference for retention sites in the vector

Abstract

En primer lugar, a Alberto Fereres y Aránzazu Moreno, mis directores de Tesis. Gracias por darme la oportunidad de desarrollar todo este trabajo en vuestro grupo de investigación. Sin duda, trabajar y aprender con vosotros ha sido un gran comienzo en el mundo de la investigación. Israel Pagán, mi tutor de Tesis, siempre apoyándome y guiándome tanto en la ciencia como en la burocracia. My supervisors during my research internship in Riverside: James Ng and Gregory Walker. You made me feel like another member of your lab since the first day. Thank you for all those days, I learnt a lot from both of you. Elisa Viñuela, que contestaste a aquel correo a través del cual pude comenzar todo este camino en Madrid. Imposible no agradecer toda la ayuda recibida por los miembros de mi laboratorio. A María, por cuidar siempre de todo el material y tener todo listo para los ensayos. A Elisa, por su ayuda en el mantenimiento de las instalaciones, por las tardes analizando fotos de microscopía y las clases de Photoshop. A nuestro querido Casimiro, que por sus manos pasaron la mayor parte de las plantas de esta Tesis y que se nos fue a mitad de camino. A Sara, que me enseñó el día a día en el laboratorio cuando era solamente un recién llegado. A Beatriz, Michele y Andrés, que me orientaron en el camino de la Tesis Doctoral. Gracias por vuestros consejos. A todos/as aquellos/as que han pasado por el laboratorio y que han colaborado directa o indirectmente en que esto fuera posible. Imposible citar a todos. A todo el club brasileño, en especial a Lilian y Mauricelia. A

Substrate-borne vibrations produced during the interaction with natural enemies alter aphids probing behavior

“…EPG waveforms were interpreted according to "aphid waveform characteristics" file available on EPG Systems website (Aphid waveform characteristics (epgsystems.eu)) as follows: waveform np (non-probing behavior), C (stylets pathway, i.e. stylets moving intercellularly searching for phloem vessels), pd (potential drop, brief intracellular probes performed to assess the host plant quality), pd-II1, pd-II2, pd-II3 (potential drop subphases, respectively, watery saliva injection and possible egestion, egestion and/or salivation, and active ingestion of cell protoplasm), E1e (extracellular salivation, namely a salivation event during the pathway phase rather than inside phloem vessels), E1 (phloem salivation), E2 (phloem ingestion), G (xylem feeding), waveform F (derailed stylets, namely difficulties in stylets intercellular penetration), phloem-pd (ppd, brief stylets insertion inside phloem vessels or companion cells that are also composed by three subphases-ppd-II1, ppd-II2, ppd-II3-and usually precedes the onset of phloem phase) (Jiménez et al 2018, 2020a, 2020b, Jiménez Ruiz 2019. The implication of these waveforms for the transmission of viruses is summarized in Table 1.…”

Inter‐virus relationships in mixed infections and virus‐drought relationships in plants: a quantitative review

“…In mixed infections, a given virus might provide a movement function to a transport‐deficient virus, increasing symptom severity and increasing the concentration of the dependent virus in the host plant (Takeshita & Takanami, 2000). Some non‐circulative viruses may interfere with each other for transmission by aphids, for example, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), but others do not, for example, cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (Jimenez, 2019). This could be partially related to competition between viruses in the aphid's acrostyle, located in the common duct where the salivary and food canal fuse together (Uzest et al., 2007), but competition between viruses within the host plant is also possible.…”

Aphids Are Unable to Ingest Phloem Sap from the Peduncles of Lime Fruits

“…The same occurs for the waikavirus Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) transmitted by the black-faced leafhopper Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes) [ 31 ]. A recent study reporting the probing activities of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) related to the semipersistent transmission of the closterovirus Beet yellows virus (BYV) to sugar beet showed for the first time that virus inoculation occurs during specific brief intracellular stylet punctures in the phloem tissues (called phloem-pds) and before the phloem salivation phase (waveform E1) [ 32 ]. However, M .…”