Non-carcinogenic occupational exposure risk related to foundry emissions: focus on the workers involved in olfactometric assessments

Polvara, Elisa; Capelli, Laura; Sironi, Selena

doi:10.1080/10934529.2021.1913927

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For evaluating their non-carcinogenic effects on examiners involved in olfactometry, the Threshold Limit Value concentration (TLV), specific to occupational exposure, was used in the study. In this work, the TLV values for all compounds are derived from ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) [52], according to previous papers about occupational safety of olfactometric panellists [23,24]. Different values of toxicological threshold exist, de-pending on the duration of the exposure during working activities.…”

Section: Threshold Limit Values (Tlv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the exposure of olfactometric examiners, they usually work for 1 or 2 h per session, and they are exposed to the odorous stimulus for a few seconds, according to the standard prescription [17]. However, in this study, we conservatively treat them as general workers, and to apply an even more cautious approach [24], the TLV-TWA (Threshold Limit Value-Time-Weighted Average) was adopted, where possible. TLV-TWA is defined as the concentration for a conventional 8-h workday and a 40-h workweek, to which a worker may be repeatedly exposed for an entire working lifetime without adverse effect [52].…”

Section: Threshold Limit Values (Tlv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the HI < 1, the chemical exposure under consideration is regarded as unlikely to lead to adverse health effects. On the other hand, if the HI > 1, adverse health effects are likely to occur [58,59], and a minimum dilution value must be set to protect the health of examiners involved in the analysis [22][23][24]60].…”

Section: Risk Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, it is important to highlight that the odor threshold (OT) of this pollutant is very low (0.00041 ppm) [65], thus making it detectable at very low concentrations. Indeed, the comparison of its OT value (from [65]) and TLV (from ACGIH database), reported in Table 7, shows that hydrogen sulphide can be perceived by panelists before producing any adverse effect on human health [24].…”

Section: Hi Evaluation and Definition Of Minimum Dilution Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the analysis of odor samples using GC-MS before conducting an olfactometric analysis, within the timeframe required by the standard, can sometimes be critical. To overcome this critical issue, a preliminary evaluation of the chemicals potentially present in odor samples analyzed by dynamic olfactometry can be conducted by researching pollutants inventories in the scientific and technical literature, as already proposed by two previous studies about panelists' occupational risk [23,24]. Indeed, the information collected from the literature available can be applied for a preliminary evaluation of the panelists' exposure risk prior to olfactometric analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Occupational Exposure Risk for Employees Working in Dynamic Olfactometry: Focus On Non-Carcinogenic Effects Correlated with Exposure to Landfill Emissions

et al. 2021

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This work aims to evaluate the non-carcinogenic health effects related to landfill odor emissions, therefore focusing on workers involved in dynamic olfactometry. Currently, the most common technique to quantify odor emissions is dynamic olfactometry, a sensorial analysis involving human assessors. During the analysis, assessors are directly exposed, at increasing concentrations, to odor samples, and thus to the hazardous pollutants contained therein. This entails the need to estimate the associated exposure risk to guarantee examiners’ safety. Therefore, this paper evaluates the exposure risk for olfactometric examiners to establish the minimum dilution level to be adopted during the analysis of landfills’ odorous samples to guarantee panelists’ safety. For this purpose, an extensive literature review regarding the pollutants emitted by landfill odor sources was conducted, comparing compounds’ chemical concentrations and threshold limit values (TLVs) to calculate the Hazard Index (HI) and thus establish a minimum dilution value. The data collected indicate that a non-negligible non-carcinogenic risk exists for all landfill emissions considered. However, from the data considered, the minimum dilution factor to be adopted is lower than the typical odor concentration observed for these sources. Therefore, the olfactometric analysis of landfill samples can be generally conducted in safe conditions.

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Section: Threshold Limit Values (Tlv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Threshold Limit Values (Tlv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hi Evaluation and Definition Of Minimum Dilution Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Occupational Exposure Risk for Employees Working in Dynamic Olfactometry: Focus On Non-Carcinogenic Effects Correlated with Exposure to Landfill Emissions

et al. 2021

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Chemical characterization of odorous emissions: A comparative performance study of different sampling methods

Polvara

Gallego²,

Invernizzi³

et al. 2023

Talanta

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Recruiting, training and managing a sensory panel in odor nuisance testing

Turek

2021

PLoS ONE

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A growing level of environmental awareness in societies has led to an increased interest in the odor nuisance. Residents’ complaints have ultimately revealed the need to develop adequate research methods that would ensure objective measurements, thus shedding more light on this complex problem. One of the possible ways to conduct an objective odor assessment is to use a sensory panel in the tests. This paper presents the procedure for selecting and training the sensory analysis team especially for the purposes of odor nuisance testing. Several useful suggestions for conducting studies that involve a sensory panel are also provided. This in turn can prove a useful tool, supplementing the EN 13725 standard within the scope of building and convening a sensory panel. In this paper a performance comparison of two sensory panels is also discussed: one that received a basic training of 20h, solely based on the guidelines of the EN 13725 standard and another, whose members completed an extended training of 60h, based on the standards and guidelines used in the field of sensory analysis. It has been shown that acquiring more knowledge and developing certain competences in the field of sensory analysis may contribute to an increase in the overall and individual precision of determinations as adequate sensory training improves the panel’s performance.

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Non-carcinogenic occupational exposure risk related to foundry emissions: focus on the workers involved in olfactometric assessments

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluation of Occupational Exposure Risk for Employees Working in Dynamic Olfactometry: Focus On Non-Carcinogenic Effects Correlated with Exposure to Landfill Emissions

Evaluation of Occupational Exposure Risk for Employees Working in Dynamic Olfactometry: Focus On Non-Carcinogenic Effects Correlated with Exposure to Landfill Emissions

Chemical characterization of odorous emissions: A comparative performance study of different sampling methods

Recruiting, training and managing a sensory panel in odor nuisance testing

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